Neurons
Main part of the neuron that is considered gray matter
cell body or soma
This controls balance, coordination & body movements; also known as the "little brain"
cerebellum
During this phase the voltage remains at -70mV
resting potential
Chemicals that transmit information from one neuron to another
neurotransmitters
This cells produce myelin in CNS
oligodendrocytes
Supporting cells of nervous tissue
glia
This is emotional part of the brain
lymbic system?
During this phase potassium ion channels open and voltage drops from 30mV to -70mV
repolarization
Neurotransmitter that signals pain
substance P
The wide band of axons that connects the two hemispheres ( right & left)
corpus callosum
The junction between two neurons
synapse
This controls the heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure
medulla
During this phase incoming stimuli do not initiate action potential
refractory period
These neurotransmitters are natural painkillers
endorphins
The part of autonomic nervous system that makes your heart beat faster, your mouth dry, your digestion stop, and your muscles ready to "fight or flight"
sympathetic nervous system
Long nerve fiber that conducts away from the cell body of the neuron
axon
This acts as the control center for recognition of hunger, thirst, fatigue, body temperature, and regulates the release of oxytocin.
hypothalamus
The graded potentials must be summed up to initiate action potential
threshold potential
This neurotransmitter is involved in motor behavior- Parkinson's disease has a low level of this which causes tremors and shakes. Schizophrenia patients may have excessive levels.Imbalance of this one and serotonin can be at the root of depression.
dopamine
The symptoms of this disorder are due to the death of motor neurons and progress rapidly, main symptom being increasing muscle weakness.
ALS
Short fibers that branch out from the cell body and pick up incoming messages
dendrites
This part is often represented as a homunculus with large hands and mouth; receives input from afferent neurons.
sensory cortex
The strength of a stimulus is recognized based on this.
frequency of action potentials
Many medications and drugs mimic neurotransmitters, block the receptors in postsynaptic neurons and leave the neurotransmitters in this space between neurons.
synaptic cleft
This disease manifests itself in uncontrollable seizures due to unbalanced brain activity and random neuron activation.
epilepsy