General properties
What is the name of the 15th group of elements?
What gas makes up 78% of our atmosphere?
Molecular nitrogen (N2)
Which modification of phosphorus glows in the dark and is poisonous?
White phosphorus.
What is the name of the ammonia synthesis process NH3?
Haber (or Haber-Bosch) process.
How many electrons are in the outer shell of these elements?
5 electrons (ns^2 np^3 configuration).
Why is the nitrogen molecule so strong and inert?
Because of the very strong triple bond between atoms.
Which element of the group is the basis of bones and teeth?
Phosphorus (as part of calcium hydroxyapatite).
What acid is found in sodas (like Cola)?
Orthophosphoric acid (H3PO4).
How do metallic properties change in a group from top to bottom?
They are increasing (from non-metal nitrogen to metal bismuth).
What is the name of nitric oxide (N2O) used in medicine?
«Веселящий газ» (закись азота).
What type of crystal lattice does white phosphorus have?
Molecular (consists of P4 molecules).
What acid is found in sodas (like Cola)?
Nitrate
Which element of this group is the most toxic and is known as the "royal poison"?
Arsenic (As)
What valency cannot nitrogen exhibit (unlike phosphorus)?
Valence 5 (nitrogen has no d-orbitals at the 2nd level)
What is the main difference between red and white phosphorus in terms of safety?
Red phosphorus is non-toxic and does not spontaneously ignite in air.
Which acid mixture (1:3) can dissolve gold?
Aqua regia (a mixture of HNO3 and HCl).
Which metal in group 15 expands when frozen like water?
Bismuth (Bi).
What is the oxidation state of nitrogen in the ammonium ion NH4?
-3 (despite the fact that it forms 4 bonds).
What phosphorus compound is released during the decomposition of organic matter ("will-o'-the-wisps")?
Phosphine (PH_3).
Which nitric oxide is called "foxtail" because of its color?
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), it is brown in color.