Conformity + Groupthink
the tendency for the presence of others to enhance performance on simple or well-learned tasks, but hinder performance on complex or novel tasks, due to increased arousal and evaluation apprehension.
social facilitation
List one social situation psych term that is seen in the Robber's Cave Experiment.
Answers vary! Teacher approval!
selfless behavior or actions that are motivated by concern for the well-being or welfare of others, without expecting any personal benefit or reward in return.
altruism
Prejudice is an _________ while discrimination is a ___________.
attitude; behavior
a cognitive bias that involves attributing successes to internal factors (such as ability or effort) while attributing failures to external factors (such as luck or situational factors), in order to protect one's self-esteem and maintain a positive self-image.
self-serving bias
when individuals conform to the beliefs or behaviors of others because they believe others possess accurate knowledge or information, leading to acceptance of the group's judgments or decisions.
informational social influence
List one social situation psych term that is seen in the Standford Prison Experiment.
Answers vary! Teacher approval!
a social phenomenon in which individuals are less likely to offer help or intervene in an emergency situation when others are present, often due to diffusion of responsibility and social influence
Bystander Effect
Explain Ingroup vs Outgroup Bias.
The tendency to view an out-group as homogenous, or all the same, while seeing members of the in-group as more varied.
suggests that individuals experience psychological discomfort when their attitudes or beliefs are inconsistent with their behavior, leading them to seek consistency and reduce discomfort through attitude change or rationalization.
cognitive dissonance theory
when individuals conform to group norms or expectations in order to gain social approval, acceptance, or avoid rejection or disapproval.
normative social influence
Asch's line experiment showed us that people are more likely to conform if (name two)
Feel incompetent/insecure
In a unanimous group
Admires groups' status/attractiveness
Know they are being observed
No strongly held prior knowledge/opinion
In a group of 3 or more
an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them
Reciprocity norm
a fixed, oversimplified, and often negative belief or judgment about a particular group of people, based on their perceived characteristics or attributes.
stereotype
The tendency to cling to one's initial beliefs even after receiving new information that contradicts or disconfirms the basis of those beliefs.
Belief Perseverance
Explain how deindividuation contributes to antisocial behavior.
when anonymous or aroused, people are more likely to commit antisocial behaviors.
This is the dependent variable in Milgram's experiment.
The highest voltage "shock" a participant administered
common objectives or shared interests that require cooperation and mutual effort from conflicting parties, often leading to reduced intergroup conflict and improved relations.
superordinate goals
How might the just-world phenomenon lead to bias?
We believe people get what they deserve (good or bad); therefore, we may show bias against people w/ bad fortune
Provide a sample scenario of getting something you want using the foot-in-the-door technique.
Answers vary! Agree to a smaller request---> more likely to get larger request
A group of high school students initially feels mildly supportive of banning cell phones during class. After spending an hour discussing the issue together, the group agrees that cell phones should be completely prohibited throughout the entire school day, including lunch and free periods.
Group Polarization
In Milgram's study, participants are instructed by a researcher in a white lab coat to administer a loud noise blast to another participant each time an incorrect answer is given. Although the participant delivering the noise becomes visibly distressed and questions the morality of the task, they continue after the researcher states, “It is essential that you continue for the experiment. What psychology term is this depicting?
Obedience to authority
Louise typically hates hamburgers; however, she's tempted to try one again after repeated In n' Out ads on Google. This is an example of
The mere exposure effect
After trying out for the school basketball team, Steve learns that another student with less experience made the team while he did not. Steve begins to feel dissatisfied with his own abilities and sets a goal to practice harder after observing how skilled players perform. Which concept best explains Steve’s reaction?
Downward social comparison
When Jeremy's friend Tom was late for his basketball game, he assumed, "I guess Tom just doesn't care about me." This is an example of...
The fundamental attribution error