Drug Routes
This route of drug administration includes oral, sublingual and rectal.
What is enteral?
This specialized dosing aid provides weight based dosing for emergency medications for pediatric patients based on the length of the child.
What is a Broselow tape?
These drugs have a high abuse potential with no accepted medical indication. Examples include heroin and LSD.
What is Schedule I?
Fetal risk has been demonstrated. This risk outweighs any possible benefit to the mother. Avoid using in pregnant or potentially pregnant patients.
What is Category X?
This type of drug name is suggested by the manufacturer and confirmed the US Adopted Name Council.
What is generic name?
This route provides the fastest absorption because it provides medication directly into the bloodstream.
What is intravenous?
These two age groups of people have lower plasma protein levels. If a drug is highly protein bound, these patients will have more free drug available and may need to have their dose adjusted.
What are infants under 1 year of age and adults over 60 years of age?
Codeine cough syrup has a low abuse potential and so falls into this schedule.
What is Schedule V?
Adequate studies in pregnant women have not demonstrated a risk to the fetus in the first trimester or later trimesters.
What is Category A?
Drugs come from these four main sources.
What are plants, animals, minerals and synthetic compounds?
This term describes placing medication into the eye or a wound.
What is instillation?
Infacts ages 0-3 months have a lower gastric pH. This affects which aspect of a drug's pharmacokinetics?
What is absorption?
Diazepam, lorazepam, phenobarbital
What is Schedule IV?
Fetal risk has been demonstrated. In certain circumstances, benefits could outweigh the risks.
What is Category D?
Ofirmev and Tylenol are this type of drug name.
What are brand names?
Administering medications by a parenteral route can include intravenous, intraosseous, intramuscular, subcutaneous and this route only used in newborn infants.
What is umbilical?
True or false: If a patient has more body fat, they are more likely to absorb water-soluble drugs.
What is false? Elderly patients have a higher percentage of body fat and are more likely to absorb more of a lipid soluble drug.
Opium, cocaine, morphine, codeine, oxycodone, hydrocodone, methadone
What is Schedule II?
Animal studies have not demonstrated a risk to the fetus, but there are no adequate studies in pregnant women.
Or
Adequate studies in pregnant women have not demonstrated a risk to the fetus in the first trimester and there is no risk in the last trimester, but animal studies have demonstrated adverse effects.
What is Category B?
In this phase of a drug trial for a new drug, data are collected on side effects and drug dosing is refined.
What is Phase 3?
Medications given enterally go through the liver before entering systemic circulation. As a result of this process, some drugs are completely inactivated before they get to their target site.
What is the first pass effect?
Newborns have immature livers. What aspect of pharmacokinetics does this affect?
What is metabolism (or biotransformation)? Most of the CYP450 enzymes are not present at birth, and the infant develop these enzymes over time.
Limited opioid amounts or combined with noncontrolled substances; acetaminophen with codeine, buprenorphine
What is Schedule III?
Animal studies have demonstrated adverse effects, but there are no adequate studies in pregnant women; however, benefits may be acceptable despite the potential risks.
Or
No adequate animal studies or adequate studies of pregnant women have been done.
What is Category C?
The FDA classifies new drugs based on therapeutic potential. This letter describes a drug that offers an important therapeutic gain while drugs labeled "S" are similar to medications already available.
What is "P"?