Political Systems
A system where citizens vote directly for leaders
Democracy
Philosopher who wrote The Social Contract
Rousseau
Meaning of “rule of law”
laws apply to everyone, including the people that make them.
This renewable energy source uses panels to convert sunlight into electricity.
solar energy
Country where the Arab Spring began
Tunisia
A country ruled by a king or queen
Monarchy
Theory emphasizing free markets and limited government
Liberalism
Famous agreement to reduce global warming emissions
Paris Agreement
This process involves converting organic waste into nutrient-rich soil material through natural decomposition.
Composting
Organisation uniting African states
African Union
A system where power is held by the military
Military junta
Political thinker associated with communism
Karl Marx
Meaning of “grassroots movement”
movement that uses the people in a given district, region, or community as the basis for a political or social movement.
These gases—such as CO₂ and methane—trap heat in Earth’s atmosphere.
Greenhouse gases
Largest country of the Sahel
Sudan
A state with no effective central government
Failed state
Theory emphasizing national identity and sovereignty
Nationalism
Military alliance including the U.S. and many European states
NATO
This economic mechanism sets a price on each ton of CO₂ emitted to encourage companies to reduce pollution.
Carbon tax
This concept refers to the ability of a country to influence others through attraction, culture, and values rather than military force.
soft power
A system combining democratic elections with strong central authority
Hybrid regime
Concept describing government legitimacy through citizen consent
Popular sovereignty
Expression meaning “informal political negotiation”
Backroom deal
The rapid loss of species caused largely by human activity is often referred to as this global environmental crisis.
biodiversity loss / the biodiversity crisis
This regional organization, founded in 1973, promotes economic integration and cooperation among many Caribbean states, including Jamaica, Barbados, and Trinidad and Tobago.
CARICOM