Tests and Interventions
What is the #1 symptom of MI in women?
Fatigue
The highest circulatory pressure is found in the _______.
Aorta
The most common arrhythmia following an MI is _______.
A-Fib
A BP of 130-139 systolic or 80-89 diastolic would be classified as __________ by the AHA.
Type I HTN
An obstruction in the pulmonary artery would cause an immediate increase in BP in which chamber of the heart?
Right ventricle
The most accurate diagnosis of an MI requires assessment of what? (3 answers)
S/S, ECG, Troponin levels
What is an adult's normal cardiac output?
5-6 L/min
The slight delay of the electrical conduction through the AV node gives time for the _________.
Atrial kick
A blunted or decrease of SBP of > 10 mmHg with exercise would be called ______________.
Exertional hypotension
Flow in the coronary arteries is greatest at which phase of the cardiac cycle?
Diastole
To thoroughly assess the integrity of the coronary arteries, cardiologists perform a _________ which allows them to see blockages or tears in the arteries.
Cardiac Cath.
S3 is an extra heart sound considered normal in some and is related to volume overload and is called a _______.
Ventricular Gallup
Which portion of the ECG strip represents ventricular depolarization? Atrial depolarization?
QRS complex and P wave
A sudden drop of blood flow caused by an MI, cardiac trauma, HF, infection, or drugs is called _____________.
Cardiogenic shock
The goal of a CABG or stent is to ____________.
Increase tissue perfusion
An ultrasound of the heart is called an _________. What are some other tests?
Echocardiogram. Other tests include chest x-ray, CT, MRI, coronary cat scan.
Systolic murmurs occur during systole and are caused by ________ or _________.
Stenosis of SL valves or regurgitation of AV valves
An ECG strip shows a PVC every other beat. This would be called___________.
Bigeminy
What is the difference between a STEMI and NSTEMI? With a STEMI, which part of the heart is affected?
NSTEMI (Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction) involves partial blockage with ST-depression or T-wave inversion. A STEMI (ST-elevation myocardial infarction) is a complete blockage that causes transmural damage, meaning necrosis extends through the entire thickness of the ventricular wall.
The 2 fibrous AV rings, aortic ring and the pulmonary ring make up the ___________ of the heart where flaps/cusps of the valves attach.
Fibrous skeleton
What are the 4 components of the CV system that a PT can assess and how can we assess them?
Cardiac muscle (heart rate, rhythm, and amplitude)
Valves (auscultate heart sounds)
Conduction system (heart rate and rhythm)
Vessels (blood pressure)
What is the normal rise in BP and HR with an increase in activity of 1 MET?
8-12 mmHg
What are the two syncytiums of the heart?
Atrial and ventricular
What pathology is marked by foam cells? What is a foam cell comprised of?
Atherosclerosis. Foam cells are specialized, lipid-laden macrophages (immune cells) that accumulate excessive oxidized cholesterol within the arterial walls, playing a critical role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis.
What muscles in the atria create the atrial kick?
The pectinate muscles