Cell Cycle
What is a helicase?
The molecule responsible for unzipping the DNA double helix.
What is a ribosome?
Organelle that creates proteins
What is a substitution mutation?
The wrong base is matched during replication.
What happens when a protein losses its shape (as seen in Unit 2 with denaturing?)
It loses its function.
During S phase. What is paired as the complement with the base A?
T
What is a gene?
A region on a chromosome that contains the code for a protein.
Why is age used as data for conversations about cancer?
The older someone is, the more rounds of divisions that individual experienced.
What would be the result if helicase has the wrong shape?
The cell can not copy the DNA during s
Will a cell acquire more mutations if it divides more or less? Provide an example of a cell that divides frequently, and a cell that does not divide frequently.
More mutations. Colon cells divide more than brain cells.
What molecule is made to help get the message of DNA out of the nucleus?
RNA
Why did p53(a) fix the DNA errors but p53(b) and p53(c) did not?
p53(a) had the right shape.
What are the repeating units of DNA (and RNA)?
Nucleotides
What enzyme do you find unzipping DNA during S phase?
Helicase
What chromosome number is the p53 gene located on?
Chromosome #17
Why can't the cell just decide to produce the p53(a) version to ensure it can help reduce cancer risk?
The DNA does not have the right code.
During normal cellular activities, is usable DNA condensed or uncondensed?
Components of a Nucleotide?
contains a sugar, phosphate, and base.
Proteins are made out of what repeating units?
Amino acids
How can a person have p53(a) in some cells but p53(b) in other cells at the same time?
The individual originally started with DNA only coding for p53(a), but acquired a mutation during s phase when creating a new cell. All of the daughter cells from that new cell with mutations will now produce a different version. Note some cells still can have the functional version.
What is different about the shape of mature RNA strand when compared to DNA strand?
Mature RNA is smaller than the overall DNA molecule it was copied from because RNA usually only contains information for one gene, while DNA has all of the genes.