Respiratory
Which device delivers the highest oxygen concentration?
A. Nasal cannula
B. Simple mask
C. Nonrebreather mask
D. Venturi mask
Answer: C
Rationale: A nonrebreather mask can deliver up to 90–100% oxygen.
Cheyne-Stokes respirations are characterized by:
A. Rapid shallow breathing
B. Alternating apnea and deep breathing
C. Continuous wheezing
D. Labored inspiration
Answer: B
Rationale: Periods of apnea alternate with increasing/decreasing respirations.
Which is an isotonic solution?
A. 0.45% NS
B. D5W
C. 0.9% NS
D. 3% NS
Answer: C
Rationale: 0.9% NS is isotonic and does not shift fluids.
Which ABG indicates metabolic acidosis?
A. pH 7.50, HCO₃ 30
B. pH 7.30, HCO₃ 18
C. pH 7.30, CO₂ 55
D. pH 7.45, CO₂ 30
Answer: B
Rationale: Low pH and low bicarbonate = metabolic acidosis.
Each suction pass should be no greater than
A. 5 seconds
B. 10 seconds
C. 20 seconds
D. 30 seconds
Answer: B
Rationale: Suctioning should not exceed 10 seconds to prevent hypoxia.
Where does gas exchange occur?
A. Bronchi
B. Trachea
C. Alveoli
D. Larynx
Answer: C
Rationale: Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange in alveoli via diffusion.
0.45% NS is:
A. Hypertonic
B. Hypotonic
C. Isotonic
D. Colloid
Answer: B
Rationale: Hypotonic solutions move fluid into cells.
Common cause of metabolic alkalosis:
A. Diarrhea
B. Vomiting
C. COPD
D. Renal failure
Answer: B
Rationale: Vomiting causes loss of acid.
Preoxygenation Before Deep Suctioning
Why should a client be preoxygenated before tracheal suctioning?
A. Prevent infection
B. Reduce secretions
C. Prevent hypoxia
D. Increase heart rate
Answer: C
Rationale: Suctioning removes oxygen; preoxygenation prevents desaturation.
Incentive Spirometer
What is the purpose of an incentive spirometer?
A. Deliver oxygen
B. Measure ABGs
C. Prevent atelectasis
D. Treat asthma
Answer: C
Rationale: Encourages deep breathing and lung expansion.
IV Therapy Complication
Redness, warmth, and pain at IV site indicates:
A. Infiltration
B. Phlebitis
C. Hematoma
D. Occlusion
Answer: B
Rationale: Phlebitis is inflammation of the vein.
pH 7.30, CO₂ 55 indicates:
A. Metabolic acidosis
B. Respiratory acidosis
C. Metabolic alkalosis
D. Respiratory alkalosis
Answer: B
Rationale: High CO₂ causes respiratory acidosis.
Why is the cuff inflated on a tracheostomy tube?
A. Allow speech
B. Prevent aspiration
C. Increase oxygen flow
D. Decrease coughing
Answer: B
Rationale: The cuff seals the airway to prevent aspiration and ensure ventilation.
What is a pneumothorax?
A. Fluid in lungs
B. Air in pleural space
C. Infection of alveoli
D. Lung tumor
Answer: B
Rationale: Air in the pleural space causes lung collapse.
Which solution is compatible with blood?
A. D5W
B. Lactated Ringer's
C. 0.9% NS
D. 0.45% NS
Answer: C
Rationale: Only normal saline is compatible.
To reduce CAUTI risk, the nurse should:
A. Disconnect tubing daily
B. Keep bag above bladder
C. Perform perineal care daily
D. Irrigate routinely
Answer: C
Rationale: Proper hygiene reduces infection.
What is the purpose of cilia in the respiratory tract?
A. Produce oxygen
B. Warm blood
C. Trap and move debris
D. Exchange gases
Answer: C
Rationale: Cilia move mucus and trapped particles upward for removal.
Trach Care
Which solution is used to clean the inner cannula?
A. Sterile saline
B. Hydrogen peroxide
C. Tap water
D. Alcohol
Answer: A
Rationale: Sterile Saline
What tubing is required for blood transfusion?
A. Microdrip tubing
B. Standard IV tubing
C. Y-type blood tubing with filter
D. Extension tubing
Answer: C
Rationale: Blood tubing has a filter to catch clots.
A coude catheter is used for:
A. Females only
B. Enlarged prostate
C. Pediatric clients
D. Irrigation
Answer: B
Rationale: Curved tip helps bypass prostate obstruction.