Revolutions of 1848
These revolutions spread across Europe demanding constitutions and reforms.
What were the Revolutions of 1848?
This new source of loyalty replaced religious unity for many Europeans.
What is the nation?
This term describes politics based on practical power rather than moral ideals.
What is Realpolitik?
This was the prime minister of Piedmont who led Italian unification diplomatically.
Who is Count Cavour?
This kingdom led German unification.
What is Prussia?
These large standing forces became symbols of national pride.
What are national armies?
This was one major reason the revolutions failed.
What was division among liberals, workers, and nationalists?
Nationalism emphasized this shared cultural element among people.
What is language or shared history?
This German leader was the master of Realpolitik.
Who is Otto von Bismarck?
This nationalist hero led the Red Shirts.
Who is Giuseppe Garibaldi?
This chancellor directed German unification.
Who is Otto von Bismarck?
Bismarck believed war could achieve this political goal.
What is national unification?
After the revolutions failed, this form of government was restored in many places.
What is monarchy or conservative rule?
Nationalism helped create these two unified countries.
What is Italy and Germany?
Bismarck said Germany would be unified by this phrase.
What is “blood and iron”?
This northern Italian kingdom led the unification movement.
What is Piedmont-Sardinia?
This war in 1866 defeated Austria and removed it from German affairs.
What is the Austro-Prussian War?
European states increasingly competed in this area.
What is military strength or arms buildup?
This country elected Louis Napoleon as president after the revolutions.
This emotional identity tied people to a common destiny and heritage.
What is nationalism?
Realpolitik rejected this earlier political approach.
What is idealism or moral reform politics?
This country supported Piedmont against Austria in 1859.
What is France?
This war in 1870–1871 united the German states against France.
What is the Franco-Prussian War?
This was a major result of nationalism and power politics.
What is increased international rivalry?
These revolutions convinced many leaders that idealism was ineffective.
What are the Revolutions of 1848?
Nationalism often led to this type of rivalry between countries.
What is imperial or military competition?
Realpolitik emphasized stability, strength, and this over justice.
What is power or national interest?
This city became the capital of a unified Italy in 1870.
What is Rome?
This empire was proclaimed in 1871 at Versailles.
What is the German Empire?
These political systems emphasized discipline, obedience, and military readiness.
What are militarized nation-states?