Diagnosis
Psychological or mental illness that is based on the observed symptoms of patients
What is psychopathology
Clinicians have expectations about the person who consults them, assuming that there must be a disorder to diagnose if the patient is there.
What is confirmation bias?
This theory states that depression is associated with low levels of noradrenaline.
What is catecholamine hypothesis?
The most common form of group therapy for depression.
What is couples therapy?
The behavioral symptoms of bulimia
What is binge eating, laxative abuse, and vomiting?
A handbook published by the American Psychiatric Association that is used by psychologists in the US to identify and classify symptoms of psychiatric disorders.
What is the DSM?
When clinics expect certain groups of patients to be more prone to depression, and therefore more likely to interpret symptoms as related to depression, even though the same symptoms would be interpreted as something else if they were presented by a different person
This is an interactionist approach to explaining psychological disorders. Claims that depression may be the result of a hereditary predisposition, with precipitating events in the environment.
What is the diathesis-stress model?
SSRIs for short.
What is selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors?
The prevalence rate of bulimia in women
What is 2-3% of women?
The ABCs that psychologists use when describing symptoms of a disorder.
What are affective, behavioral, cognitive, and somatic symptoms?
Scheff's (1966) Theory
What is the self-fulfilling prophecy?
This study argue that individualist cultures display affective symptoms of depression, while collectivist cultures display more somatic symptoms.
What is Marsella (1979)?
Aaron Beck's 4 step approach to use in individual treatment. He argues that a person's beliefs contribute to "automatic thoughts" based on schemas.
What is cognitive restructuring?
The theory that many eating disorder patients suffer from the delusion that they are fat.
What is the body-image distortion hypothesis?
Efficient self-perception, realistic self-esteem and acceptance, voluntary control of behavior, true perception of the world, sustaining relationships, self-direction and productivity.
What is Jahoda's (1958) 6 Characteristics of Mental Health?
This study argues that people use labels such as "mentally ill", "criminal", and "foreigner" to socially exclude people.
What is Szasz (1974)?
This study showed that only 1% of "positive thinking" participants developed depression, compared to 17% of those "negative thinkers". This indicates a link between cognitive style and the development of depression.
What is Alloy et al (1999)?
This study concluded that treatment with a placebo and CBT is nearly as affective as treatment with SSRIs and CBT. Hint: they used adolescents.
What is Riggs et al (2007)?
This study had participants eat milkshakes. They found that dieters ate significantly more than non-dieters.
What is Polivi & Herman (1985)?
The 7 Criteria of Rosenhan and Seligman (1984)
What are suffering, maladaptiveness, irrationality, unpredictability, vividness and unconventionality, observer discomfort, and violation of moral or ideal standards?
This disorder only appears in China, but is similar to a combination of mood and anxiety disorders in the US.
What is shenjing shauairuro?
This twin study found that the concordance rate for MDD was consistently higher for monozygotic twins than for dizygotic twins.
What is Nurnberger & Gershon (1982)?
This study reviewed 74 studies comparimg individual and gropu treatment andn found that gropu treatment was as effective as individual treatment in 75% of the studies.
What is Toseland & Siporin?
This study analyzed the body shape of popular dolls and found that the dolls had unrealistic proportions.
What is Sanders & Bazalgette (1993)?