Heel Pain
Plantar heel pain that improves with activity, negative windlass test, and Tinel’s sign over the abductor hallucis.
What is Baxter’s nerve entrapment?
Dorsal osteophytes with preserved joint space and pain only at terminal dorsiflexion.
What is hallux limitus (functional stage)?
Positive squeeze test and external rotation stress test with widening of the medial clear space.
What is a syndesmotic injury?
Diastasis between first and second metatarsals with fleck sign on AP radiograph.
What is a Lisfranc ligament rupture?
Rigid flatfoot with absent subtalar motion and positive C-sign on exam.
What is talocalcaneal coalition?
MRI shows plantar fascia thickening >4 mm with perifascial edema but no marrow edema.
What is chronic plantar fasciopathy rather than stress fracture?
First MTP pain with plantar ecchymosis after hyperextension injury and sesamoid diastasis on X-ray.
What is grade III turf toe with plantar plate rupture?
MRI shows subchondral cystic changes and cartilage defect at posteromedial talar dome.
Question: What is an osteochondral lesion of the talus?
Diabetic patient with warm swollen midfoot, bounding pulses, and intact skin.
What is acute Charcot neuroarthropathy (Eichenholtz stage I)?
Persistent lateral hindfoot pain after inversion injury with peroneal tendon subluxation.
What is superior peroneal retinaculum rupture?
A cavus foot with focal calcaneal tenderness and normal plantar fascia thickness on ultrasound.
What is a calcaneal stress fracture?
First MTP joint with negative birefringent needle-shaped crystals under polarized microscopy.
What is gout?
Chronic ankle instability with positive anterior drawer and talar tilt >10°.
What is lateral ankle ligament insufficiency?
Localized dorsal navicular pain in a runner with normal X-ray but MRI shows bone marrow edema.
What is a navicular stress fracture?
Avascular necrosis of the talus following displaced talar neck fracture.
What is Hawkins sign negative indicating talar AVN?
Posterior heel pain with intratendinous calcifications 2–6 cm proximal to insertion.
What is non-insertional Achilles tendinosis?
Collapse of the first metatarsal head with central lucency in a middle-aged woman.
What is osteochondritis dissecans or Freiberg-type lesion of the first metatarsal head?
Deep posterior ankle pain in ballet dancers with osseous fragment posterior to talus.
What is os trigonum syndrome?
Progressive midfoot collapse with rocker-bottom deformity and plantar bony prominence.
What is Charcot collapse stage III?
Posterior heel pain in runner with equinus and intratendinous hypoechoic areas on ultrasound.
What is chronic Achilles tendinopathy?
Loss of Kager’s triangle clarity on lateral radiograph in a patient with posterior heel pain.
What is Achilles tendon rupture?
Persistent pain after cheilectomy with dorsiflexion <10 degrees and flattening of the metatarsal head.
What is end-stage hallux rigidus requiring arthrodesis?
Varus hindfoot alignment leading to recurrent peroneal tendon tears and lateral ankle arthritis.
What is cavovarus deformity–associated lateral ankle overload?
Isolated second TMT arthritis with elongated second metatarsal and hypermobility of first ray.
What is transfer overload secondary to first ray insufficiency?
Progressive subtalar joint arthritis secondary to malunited calcaneal fracture.
What is post-traumatic subtalar arthrosis?