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Chapter 4
Tonicity
Transport
Past Unit
100

What is the smallest unit of Life?

The cell.

100

What is tonicity?

A solutions ability to make a cell gain or lose water (swell / shrink)

100

What is active transport?

Movement that requires energy and moves against a molecules gradient 

100

How do you determine the atomic mass of an element? 

Protons + Nuetrons 

200

Rank the cytoskeletal elements in order of thickness (Largest to Smallest)

Microtubules > Intermediate Filaments > Microfilament

200

A solution that causes a cell to swell is called what?

Hypotonic 

200

What is passive transport? 

Movement of molecules with the concentration gradient. 

200

What are the four major macromolecules?

Lipids, Carbs, Protein, Nucleic Acids 

300

Some people have a disease that causes lysosomes in their bodies to work improperly. What does this most likely cause?

A buildup of cellular debris in the cell.

300

What is a solution that causes a cell to neither shrink nor swell?

Isotonic solution

300

What is the process of water moving from an area of high concentration to a low concentration?

Diffusion

300
A chlorine atom and a hydrogen atom bond to each other by sharing electrons between them. They then break apart. What kind of bond brought them together, and what kind of reaction broke them apart?

A covalent bond brought them together, and a hydrolysis reaction broke them apart.

400

If there is a mutation in the body that prevents a ribosome from reading mRNA, what will most likely happen?

The Ribosomes will not make proteins

400

If a cell swells because it is placed in a hypotonic solution, what kind of solution would cause the cell to shrink back down to a normal size?

Hypertonic

400

Where is the energy obtained from that is used to perform active transport?

ATP

400

If a snake lies in the road in order to maintain its body temperature, what property of life is this fulfilling?

Homeostasis
500

If damage occurs to a bacterium that causes the flagella to be inactive, what does this mean for the bacteria?

It will be unable to make directed movements

500

If a cell is placed in a solution, then it shrinks. What kind of solution is the cell placed in?

Hypertonic solution

500

You are a scientist studying a cell. You notice that K+ potassium moves out of the cell without an input of energy. What kind of transport is this?

Passive 

500

Water attaches to the walls of plants in order to move up the plant against gravity. What property of water is this?

Adhesion