Pando DA3 Review

Tides

100

Which type of tide is stronger: neap tide or spring tide?

What is a spring tide?

200

What is the name of the tide that has the weakest difference between high and low tides?

What is a neap tide?

300

Spring tides usually happen during which two moon phases?

What are the new moon and full moon?

400

Name one moon phase when neap tides usually occur and explain why they happen during that phase.

What is first quarter or third quarter moon; the Sun and Moon pull in different directions, reducing tidal strength.

500

A coastal town notices very high high tides and very low low tides. Which type of tide is occurring AND how are the Sun, Moon, and Earth positioned?

What is a spring (strong) tide, and the Sun, Moon, and Earth are aligned in a straight line?

600

Question (Answer in the form of a question!)

A coastal town notices that the ocean water is MUCH higher than normal and the low tide is MUCH lower than normal. The Moon, Earth, and Sun are lined up in a straight line.

Explain:

1. What type of tide is occurring?

2. Why does this alignment cause stronger tides?

3. Predict what would happen to the tides if the Moon moved to a 90-degree angle from the Earth and Sun.

• It is a spring tide

• The gravitational pull of the Moon and Sun combine

• This creates higher high tides and lower low tides

• When at 90 degrees, a neap tide would occur

• Gravitational forces partially cancel out, causing weaker tides

Spheres

100

This sphere includes all the water on Earth, like oceans, rivers, and lakes.

What is the hydrosphere?

200

This sphere includes all living things, like plants, animals, and humans.

What is the biosphere?

300

What sphere would this picture belong to?

Atmosphere

400

Prompt: A hurricane moves over the ocean, picking up water and creating strong winds.
Question: Which spheres are involved?

👉 Answer: Hydrosphere (ocean), Atmosphere (air and wind)

500

Prompt: A wildfire spreads through a forest. Smoke fills the air, trees and plants are burned, and nearby rivers carry ash and debris downstream.

Question: Identify three spheres involved and explain how each one is affected.

1. Biosphere – plants, animals, and humans are affected by the fire.

2. Atmosphere – smoke and gases are released into the air.

3. Hydrosphere – rivers and streams carry ash and debris from the fire.

600

What 3 spheres are involved?

1. Biosphere (Deer, Birds, Trees, Grass)

2. Hydrosphere (River)

3. Geosphere (River)

Earth Layers

100

Question: This is the outermost layer of the Earth where we live.

👉Answer: Crust

200

Question: The layer of Earth below the crust that is solid but can slowly flow over time.

👉 Answer: Mantle

300

Question: This layer is liquid and surrounds the inner core.

👉 Answer: Outer core

400

Question: The center of the Earth, made of solid metal, mostly iron and nickel.

👉 Answer: Inner core

500

What is the 1st and 3rd layer?

Crust and outer core

600

Prompt: Imagine drilling from the crust to the inner core. Describe the state of matter and composition of each layer and how temperature and pressure change with depth.

• Crust – solid rock; low temperature and pressure.

• Mantle – solid rock that flows slowly; hotter, higher pressure.

• Outer core – liquid iron and nickel; very hot, very high pressure.

• Inner core – solid iron and nickel; hottest, highest pressure.

Rock cycle

100

Question: What type of rock forms from cooled and hardened magma or lava?

👉 Answer: Igneous rock

200

Question: What type of rock forms when layers of sediment are pressed and cemented together over time?

👉 Answer: Sedimentary rock

300

Question: What type of rock forms when heat and pressure change an existing rock without melting it?

👉 Answer: Metamorphic rock

400

What rock is being formed?

Sedimentary rock

500

What is the 2 step process to create a metamorphic rock?

Heat and Pressure

600

Prompt: A volcano erupts, and lava flows across the land. Over time, the lava cools and hardens into solid rock. Later, wind and rain break down pieces of this rock into smaller sediments, which may eventually form another type of rock.

Question:

1. What type of rock is formed when the lava cools?

2. What processes could later change this rock into sedimentary or metamorphic rock?

Answer:

1. Igneous rock – formed from cooled lava (extrusive igneous)

2. Processes:

   • Weathering and erosion – breaks the igneous rock into sediments

   • Compaction, cementation – can form sedimentary rock

Pollution and energy

100

Question: Name one action a student can take at home to help reduce air pollution. (hint: involved with something that you ride in)

👉 Answer: Walk/bike instead of riding in a car, turn off lights, recycle, carpool, etc.

200

200 Points

Question: Why does turning off unused lights and electronics help reduce air pollution?

👉 Answer: It reduces the amount of electricity needed from power plants, which lowers air pollution.

300

Question: What is crop rotation, and how does it help reduce soil damage?

👉 Answer: Planting different crops each season to keep soil nutrients balanced and reduce soil depletion

400

Question:
A farmer plants corn in the same field every year. Over time, the soil loses important nutrients and crop production decreases.

What farming practice should the farmer use to reduce soil damage and restore nutrients?

👉 Answer: Crop rotation

👉 Answer: Crop rotation

500

Prompt: A city is trying to reduce pollution from burning fossil fuels. They are deciding whether to build more coal power plants or invest in solar and wind energy.
Question: Which option would better reduce air pollution and why?

👉 Answer: Solar and wind energy because they are renewable resources and do not release air pollutants like fossil fuels.

600

Prompt:
A school wants to reduce air pollution and manage energy resources wisely. They must choose the most energy-efficient options from each pair below.

Question:
From each pair, select the option that would best reduce energy use and pollution.

1. A. Desktop computer (250 watts)
   B. Laptop computer (60 watts)

2. A. Incandescent light bulb (60 watts)
   B. LED light bulb (9 watts)

3. A. Gasoline-powered lawn mower
   B. Electric mower powered by solar-charged batteries

4. A. Leave devices plugged in all day
   B. Use a power strip and turn it off when not in use

👉 Correct Answers:

1. B – Laptop (uses less electricity)

2. B – LED bulb (uses less electricity)

3. B – Electric solar-powered mower (reduces fossil fuel use)

4. B – Turn off power strip (reduces wasted energy)

Extra

100

Question: If two people push a box toward each other, one with 10 N to the right and the other with 6 N to the left, what is the net force and direction?

👉 Answer: 4 N to the right

200

Prompt: A grasshopper eats grass, a frog eats the grasshopper, and a snake eats the frog.

Question: In which direction does energy flow in this food chain?

Answer:

• Energy flows from the grass → grasshopper → frog → snake

• Energy moves from one organism to the next in the food chain

300

• Substances and Densities

  1. Honey (liquid) – 1.42 g/cm³

  2. Corn syrup (liquid) – 1.33 g/cm³

  3. Plastic cube (solid) – 1.20 g/cm³

  4. Water (liquid) – 1.00 g/cm³

  5. Wood block (solid, pine) – 0.50 g/cm³

  6. Vegetable oil (liquid) – 0.92 g/cm³

  7. Rubber ball (solid) – 0.80 g/cm³

• How would you list these substances in order if they were put in a container?

• Wood block (solid, pine) – 0.50 g/cm³

• Rubber ball (solid) – 0.80 g/cm³

• Vegetable oil (liquid) – 0.92 g/cm³

• Water (liquid) – 1.00 g/cm³

• Plastic cube (solid) – 1.20 g/cm³

• Corn syrup (liquid) – 1.33 g/cm³

• Honey (liquid) – 1.42 g/cm³

400

What season is it in the Northern and Southern hemisphere with the earth to the left of the Sun?

Northern: Winter

Southern: Summer

500

What season is it for the northern and southern hemisphere to the earth on the bottom of the sun?

Northern: Spring

Southern: Fall

600

Prompt:
A scientist discovers three unknown elements and records their physical properties:

• Element A is shiny, can be hammered into thin sheets, and conducts electricity very well.

• Element B is dull, brittle, and does not conduct electricity.

• Element C is somewhat shiny, brittle, and only conducts electricity under certain conditions.

Question:
Classify each element as a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid and explain which physical properties helped you decide.

👉 Answer:

• Element A – Metal (shiny, malleable, good conductor)

• Element B – Nonmetal (dull, brittle, poor conductor)

• Element C – Metalloid (has properties of both; semi-conductor, brittle but somewhat shiny)