Absorption and Stripping
Absorption processes are more effective when pressure is modified in this manner
What is increased (or when pressure is increased)?
This variable (mathematically) is responsible for the change of required mass of adsorbent between batch and fixed-bed adsorption
What is weight fraction?
Total reflux provides this critical information
What is the minimal number of stages needed for distillation to be possible at the given xD and xB?
Liquid-liquid extraction multistage assessments are most similar to this mass transfer operation
What is absorption or stripping?
This curve allows us to graphically calculate the number of stages for a non-ideal system
What is the pseudo-equilibrium curve?
liquid streams leave a stripping process more purified when the gas flow rate is modified in this manner
What is increased
This is the key characteristic of an adsorptive chemica1
What is porosity?
This property is exploited when using flash or distillation as a separation technique
What is volatility (or boiling points)?
The solvent and diluent (or carrier) should ideally be this
What is immiscible?
DAILY DOUBLE:
a. This property determines how alike Murphree tray efficiency and Murphree point efficiency will be
b. FOLLOW-UP: These columns have effectively the same Murphree tray efficiency and Murphree point efficiency
DAILY DOUBLE:
a. What is the width of the column?
b. FOLLOW-UP: What are thin columns?
Corrosive systems are best used with this kind of column
What are packed columns?
The process of chemisorption forms these kinds of layers
What are monolayers (since there is a “chemical-like” bond, only direct adhesion occurs in chemisorption whereas physisorption can more multilayers given it is more about intermolecular bonds and adhesion can occurs with other adsorbate molecules on the adsorbent)
This is used as a preliminary assessment of the effectiveness of a flash or distillation technique as a separation process
What is relative volatility?
The preliminary effectiveness of a liquid-liquid extraction technique can be described using this
parameter
What is the extraction factor?
This describes the state of exiting streams when stages are 100% efficient
What is equilibrium?
These equations represent mathematical estimations for number of stages or outgoing contaminant concentration in absorption/stripping systems
What are kremser equations?
Generally, the relationship between physisorption effectiveness and temperature can be described like this
What is inversely proportional (when temperature increases, physisorption is less effective)?
Mathematically, this value represents the difference between the liquid flow rates in the stripping and rectification zones divided by the feed rate
What is q (or quality of the feed)?
The immiscibility of two fluids can be estimated using this parameter
What is the solubility parameter?
The following can be said about the Murphree vapor and Murphree liquid efficiencies (with deference to equivalence)
What is not equivalent?
These variables must be dilute for Henry’s law to apply
What are liquid mole fractions?
For reasonable adsorptive systems (read dilute), Freundlich isotherms with this curvature are considered favorable
What is downward curvature (or, in other words, n<1)?
This assumption is used to justify the McCabe-Thiele method in distillation
What is constant molar overflow?
Dilute fractional extraction is used when this is true of the contaminants
What describes multiple contaminants being desirable?
With deference to distillation, this stage is not counted in the overall efficiency equation
What is the reboiler?