Cell Size & Division
This relationship explains why very large cells struggle to move materials in and out efficiently.
What is the surface area-to-volume ratio?
A type of reproduction that produces genetically identical offspring from one parent
What is asexual reproduction?
During the mitosis stage, chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell.
What is metaphase?
They enzyme that ‘unzips’ the DNA double helix by breaking hydrogen bonds
What is heliccase?
These ‘stop-and-check’ points help ensure the cell is ready to move on to the next stage of the cell cycle.
As a cell grows, its DNA stays the same amount, so the cell can run into this problem: not enough DNA information to meet the cell’s needs quickly
What is limited DNA capacity?
What process in bacteria copies DNA and splits one cell into two identical cells.
What is binary fission?
During this stage, sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles.
What is anaphase?
The rule that A pairs with T and C pairs with G is called this.
Proteins that can speed up or slow down the cell cycle by acting like green or red lights.
What are regulatory proteins (cyclins/CDK’s)?
Two main reasons cells divide are to make more cells for growth and to repair/ replace these.
What are damaged or worn out cells?
An advantage of sexual reproduction is that it increases this in a population
What is genetic variation?
A duplicated chromosome has two identical halves joined together; each half is called one of these.
Find the complementary DNA strand to this template: TACGGATC
What is ATGCCTAG?
Uncontrolled cell division that can form tumors often results when checkpoint control fails; this disease is called this.
What is cancer?
In multicellular organisms, many cells stop dividing once they become specialized; they stay in this resting phase.
What is G0?
This kind of reproduction requires gametes and usually two parents, but it can be slower and use more energy.
What is sexual reproduction?
Put the major parts of the eukaryotic cell cycle in order, starting after a cell is first formed.
What is G1->S->G2->Mitosis->Cytokinesis
This enzyme adds new DNA nucleotides to build the new strand.
What is DNA Polymerase?
A stem cell potency that can become any cell type is the body, plus extra-embryonic tissues (like placenta).
What is totipotent?
The stage of the eukaryotic cell cycle when the cell grows and carries out normal functions before DNA is copied
What is G1?
Prokaryotic chromosomes are typically one of these, while eukaryotic chromosomes are usually multiple and linear.
What are circular chromosomes?
What is a cleavage furrow?
Because DNA polymerase can only start on an existing start point, cells use a short piece of RNA to being replication. That start is called this.
What is an RNA primer?
What is cell differentiation?