Passive
They deliver letters every morning.
Letters are delivered every morning.
Fill in the blank (advice/obligation):
“You ___ finish your homework before going out.”
must/have to
The train ___ (leave) at 7:30 tomorrow morning.
The train leaves at 7:30 tomorrow morning.
I ___ (walk) home when it started to rain.
I was walking home when it started to rain.
If you ___ (heat) water to 100°C, it ___ (boil).
If you heat water to 100°C, it boils.
Someone broke the window yesterday.
The window was broken yesterday.
Which modal expresses ability in the past?
(Hint: “I ___ swim when I was 5.”)
Could
Look at those clouds! It ___ (rain) soon.
It is going to rain soon
While I ___ (read) a book, my brother ___ (call).
While I was reading a book, my brother called.
If it ___ (rain) tomorrow, we ___ (stay) at home.
If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.
They don’t clean the classrooms on weekends.
The classrooms aren’t cleaned on weekends.
Choose the correct modal for nuance:
“Drivers ___ be careful on icy roads.” (could / should / might)
Then explain why.
Should
At 9 pm tonight, I ___ (watch) my favorite series.
At 9 pm tonight, I will be watching my favorite series.
I ___ (see) that movie three times in my life.
I have seen that movie three times in my life.
I ___ (learn) Italian if I ___ (have) more free time.
I would learn Italian if I had more free time.
Did they paint the walls last week?
Were the walls painted last week?
Make a question using a modal about possibility:
“Is it possible that she is at home?”
Next Monday, I ___ (meet) my teacher at 3 pm to discuss my project.
I’m tired. I think I ___ (take) a short nap now.
I am meeting my teacher next Monday at 3 pm.
I will take a short nap now.
They ___ (move) to Madrid last year, so they know the city well now.
They moved to Madrid last year.
They failed the exam because they didn't study
If they ___ (study) harder, they ___ (pass) the exam.
If they had studied harder, they would have passed the exam.
Someone sent an important email to the manager yesterday morning.
An important email was sent to the manager yesterday morning.
You ___ (should / can / must) try the new restaurant in town; it’s amazing.
He ___ (could / might / must) be at the library; I saw his bag there.
You ___ (must / can’t / might) smoke inside the classroom.
should → advice/recommendation
might → possibility
can’t → prohibition
At 8 pm, I ___ (study) for my exam.
I think I ___ (buy) a new phone tomorrow.
I ___ (meet) my cousin at 6 pm.
I ___ (buy) a gift for my friend tomorrow. I haven’t bought it yet.
will be studying → acción en progreso en momento futuro
will buy → decisión/predicción
am meeting → plan futuro organizado
am going to
By the time we arrived at the cinema, the movie ___ (start).
By the time we arrived at the cinema, the movie had started.
Put this sentence in conditional
I forgot my homework and my teacher got angry.
If I had forgotten my homework, my teacher would have been angry