Navigation Technology
This triangular sail, adopted from the Arab world, allowed ships to sail effectively against the wind
What is the Lateen Sail?
This catastrophic event, caused by the transfer of Afro-Eurasian diseases, resulted in a 90% death rate among Native populations
What is the Great Dying?
In this system, which became the backbone of the Atlantic trade, people were legally treated as property
What is Chattel Slavery?
The "Three G's" that represented most of the reasions for European maritime actions during this time period
What is God, Gold, and Glory?
These events were triggered by religious suppresion, coerced labour, and exploitation of the colonies.
What are rebellions?
Gold or silver in the form of bars
What is a bullion?
A massive labor shortage in the Americas, caused by the decimation of Indigenous populations, was the direct reason Europeans turned to this specific trade network
What is the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade?
Under this Spanish system, settlers were granted land and "protection" in exchange for forced Native labor
What is the Encomienda system?
This economic theory drove European states to hoard resources by ensuring they exported more finished goods than they imported
What is Mercantilism?
This is the estimated percentage of population growth European countries achieved from 1500-1750
What is 200%?
These two tools, with origins in Greek, Arab, and Chinese cultures, were used to determine latitude and general direction (state two answers)
What are the Astrolabe and Magnetic Compass?
This specific "Old World" disease was the primary vector responsible for the 90% death rate among Native American populations who lacked immunity
What is Smallpox?
Borrowed from the Incas, this system was repurposed by the Spanish to force Indigenous people into dangerous silver mines
What is the Mit’a system?
Private companies that acted like governments, allowed for "limited liability" and possessed the legal right to wage war and negotiate treaties
What are Joint-Stock Companies?
This leg of the Triangular Trade was established because of the heavy demand for slaves in order to facilitate sugar production, characterized by harsh conditions on a trans-Atlantic voyage
What is the Middle Passage?
Navigation was significantly improved by these scientific laws, which provided a better understanding of gravity and its effect on tides
What are Newton’s Laws?
The two primary food imports from the Americas that allowed European populations to grow
What is corn (maize) or potatoes?
While chattel slavery was race-based and permanent, this system involved poor Europeans working for a fixed 5-to-7-year term in exchange for passage to the Americas
What is Indentured Servitude?
Portugal built this type of empire, which focused on controlling strategic "choke points" like Hormuz and Malacca to tax trade rather than acquiring vast inland territories
What is a Trading Post Empire?
This rigid racial hierarchy in Latin America placed Peninsulares at the top and Indios and Enslaved Africans at the bottom
What is the Casta System?
These three types of ships were designed to be small, fast, and deep-drafted for long-distance travel
What are the Caravel, Carrack, and Fluyt?
Global flow of silver mined from the Americas primarily ended up in this country.
What is China (Ming Dynasty)?
90% of all slaves brought to America between 1526 and 1867 went to these two colonies
What is Brazil and the Caribbean?
This term refers to the global shift from a local barter-based economy to a worldwide money-based economy fueled by gold and silver
What is the Commercial Revolution?
This 1680 revolt in New Mexico is an example of colonized people fighting back specifically against Spanish religious suppression and the forced conversion to Catholicism
What is the Pueblo Revolt?