Author's Purpose
What is hasty generalization?
A conclusion drawn from too little evidence
Define ethos
Appeal to credibility or authority
"Ethos = expert"
Define cause/effect text structure
Explains why something happens and what results from it
It gives the cause and the effect of that cause
What is a counterclaim?
The opposing claim from the author.
The opposing viewpoint to the author's argument.
What is an antecedent?
Hint: think of pronouns
The noun a pronoun replaces.
The word before a pronoun.
What the pronoun refers to.
How can an author's background influence their purpose/perspective?
What would an example of logos be?
Anything with logic, reasoning, examples, cause/effect, evidence, or statistics
Which structure presents a problem and then proposes a solution?
Problem/Solution
What is "author's purpose"
Why an author writes
Which pronoun would be correct?
"The author _____ I admire most spoke yesterday."
Who or whom
Whom
How does attacking a person differ from challenging their argument?
Ad Hominem attack
If an author uses emotional language to make the audience feel guilt, which appeal is that?
Appeal to Pathos
Why would an author use exemplification (examples) in an argument?
To provide specific proof
To give evidence/proof to what they're saying
Why should an author address counterclaims instead of ignoring them?
It builds credibility and strengthens argument.
Identify the adjective. (There are two)
"Simple solutions often ignore complex realities."
Simple
Complex
How can emotional appeal (pathos) become a weakness instead of strength?
Uses emotions instead of supporting the claim with facts or logic
If an author relies mostly on emotional language but provides little reasoning, how might that affect their argument?
Weakens credibility
Readers may feel manipulated
Lacks balance
Strong arguments need reasoning/evidence too
How can identifying the text structure in a paragraph help you understand the claim?
Shows how the author is building their argument
Understanding can help determine what the author is trying to do
Helps you see how the author is proving their point
How can weak evidence make a strong claim unconvincing
Hint: think about what happens when the reasoning is good, but the proof is vague.
A claim needs support
Readers may doubt the argument
Evidence must clearly connect the claim
Which sentence contains a pronoun/antecedent error.
A. Every student turned in their assignment.
B. The team celebrated its victory.
C. Everyone must bring their own bottle.
D. When a person studies, they improve their chances of success
C.
Everyone is singular
Their is plural
Explain why "everyone believes this, so it must be true" is flawed as an argument.
Bandwagon fallacy - popularity does not equal truth
Why would rhetorical questions (questions you do not want/expect answers to) function as persuasion
They push readers to reflect and guide thinking without directly saying what the author wants the reader to know
Why might an author combine or blend cause/effect with problem/solution in one argument?
Cause/effect explains why the problem exists
Problem/solution proposes how to fix it
What is the difference between a personal anecdote and expert opinion as evidence?
Expert opinion = authority-based evidence (ethos)
Which word is functioning as an adjective in the sentence below?
"Her dedication impressed the committee."
Her
It answers "whose dedication" even though it is a pronouns.