Kidney Structure
The site of ultrafiltration
Renal Capsule
Where is the site of reabsorption of glucose and amino acids?
Proximal convoluted tubule
What do alpha and beta cells each produce?
B - insulin
The name of the cells that cover the stomata when they are “closed”?
Guard cells
The specific types of bonds found in glycogen
1,4 & 1,6 glycosidic bonds
What is number 8? (Picture coming)
Distal convoluted tubule
Name 4 substances in glomerular filtrate
Water, amino acids, glucose, urea, Na, K, Cl, creatinine
Describe how the pancreas responds to blood sugar levels after eating a bagel [2 points]
B cells secreting insulin, a cells stop secreting glucagon
Name 3 situations when a plant would close their stomata
Dark, high CO2 conc, high wind speed, low humidity, water stress
How are Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes different
Type 1 does not create insulin, type 2 does not respond well to insulin
This part of the nephron contains microvilli and a folded basal membrane
Proximal convoluted tubule
Describe the steps of deamination [at least 2]
Amino acids converted to keto acid and ammonia, ammonia combines with CO2 to form urea
Name the 3 organs that primarily absorb glucose when blood sugar levels are high AND their corresponding GLUT transporter
Liver (GLUT2), muscle(GLUT4), brain (GLUT1)
Name 2 organelles plant cells have that animals don’t
Cell wall, permanent vacule
What are 3 factors that effect enzyme action?
Temp, pH, substrate conc, enzyme conc
Sketch a nephron and label all parts
sketch
Describe how the Loop of Henle maintains a water potential gradient in the tissue fluid
Ions diffuse out of the ascending loop, maintaining a low water potential
Outline the process of glucagon converting glycogen to glucose [4 points]
Binds to receptor, activates G protein, cyclic AMP produces enzyme cascade, glycosidic bonds broken
Describe how Abscisic acid acts on a stomata [2 points]
Closes stomata by inhibiting proton pumps from pumping H+ out
The enzyme ________ binds ______ & ____ at the “start” Calvin Cycle
Rubisco, RUBP, CO2
The thinner blood vessel which causes a change in pressure
Efferent arteriole
How do the actions of Antidiuretic Hormone effect the collecting duct? [3 points]
ADH causes aquaporins to fuse with the cell membrane allowing for reabsorption of water
Suggest why muscle cells do not have receptors for glucagon on their surface
Muscles use their glycogen stores for internal respiration
Outline how stomata open, including actions of ions and water [4 points]
H+ pumped out, K+ diffuses in, H2O pot decreases, H20 diffuses in
What is the name of the process that creates ATP and NADPH
Light dependent reaction/photophosphorylation