Phonotrauma
Primary characteristic of this type of dysphonia is characterized by excessive laryngeal tension that frequently results in changes in laryngeal tissue.
Abuse and misuse.
Neurogenic voice disorders
This type of voice disorder results in complete mutism, aphonia or dysphonia and is also known as hysterical aphonia, functional aphonia and psychogenic aphonia.
What is a conversion disorder.
This anatomical structure functions as the power supply for voice production.
Provide aerodynamic [subglottal] tracheal
pressure that blows the vocal folds apart
and sets them into vibration.
Vocal fold oscillation provides the sound
source for phonation.
The lungs
The laryngoscopic findings for this disorder include a normal larynx at rest, vocal fold approximation and then abrupt abduction as the patient attempts to phonate.
What is Spasmodic Dysphonia.
TWO specific phono-traumatic behaviors that can lead to dysphonia.
Excessive throat clearing.
Yelling.
Singing outside of range.
The etiology of this neurogenic voice disorder can be due to injury to the vocal cord/s during surgery, stroke or infection.
Resulting in one or both cords in the ab or add ucted postion.
Vocal cord paralysis
The key characteristics of this type of disorder is that even though volitional control of the voice may be affected, the vegetative functions such as coughing, sighing, laughing and crying are unimpaired.
What is Puberphonia.
In voice production, this refers to the phenomenon where air rapidly
flowing through the narrowed space between the vocal folds creates a low pressure
area, which then sucks the vocal folds back together, causing them to vibrate and
produce sound; essentially, the fast-moving air creates a suction force that drives
the oscillation of the vocal folds, enabling phonation.
The Bernoulli Effect
The laryngoscopic findings of this voice disorder include pale colored sessile lesions on the vocal process of each arytenoid cartilage with accompanying granulated tissue.
What is Contact Granuloma.
This form of phono-trauma is typically produced by children who attempt to mimic the sounds made by machinery such as automobiles, monster trucks, airplanes, rockets and guns.
Strained vocalizations.
The primary symptoms associated with this disorder include general neuro muscular symptoms including rigidity, bradykenesia, resting tremor, problems related to posture and balance, a mask-like facial expression and difficulty with loudness
Parkinsonism
The principle goal of therapy for a patient with a psychogenic voice disorder such as Puberphonia:
What is to re-establish normal vocal fold function by slowly shaping the patient's unaffected vegetative vocal functions into a usable voice.
the EPIGLOTTIS
THYROID
CRICOID
ARYTENOID
CORNICULATE
CUNEIFORM
What are the laryngeal cartilages
The laryngoscopic findings of this phono-traumatic voice disorder is characterized by fluid filled lesions that have an epithelial case or shell around them causing them to be encapsulated. Generally unilateral.
What are Vocal Fold Cysts.
This type of phonotrauma is produced by adducting the vocal folds prior to the initiation of expiration and then building up subglottic air pressure until it is released as an abrupt explosion that initiates vowel production.
Hard glottal attack.
The general symptoms of this type of voice disorder include fatiguing easily during the course of the day, initial symptomology presenting as ocular problems, reduced loudness, increasingly greater degrees of breathiness, hypernasality, nasal emission and articulatory precision that increases as the length and complexity of the speech task increases. The client is often nearly aphonic before he or she can count to 200.
Myesthenia Gravis
The painless sensation of
a lump in the throat and may be described as a foreign body
sensation, a tightening or choking feeling.
• It is often associated with anxiety, persistent clearing of the throat,
chronic cough, hoarseness, and catarrh.
• Makes up 4% of ear, nose, and throat (ENT)
referrals and is reported to have been experienced by up to 45% of
the population
What is Globus Sensation.
This group of muscles move the larynx as a whole
And this group of muscles move the vocal folds to shape the glottis
What are the extrinsic and intrinsic laryngeal musculature
The laryngoscopic findings of this phono-traumatic dysphonia include a small piece of connective tissue formed anteriorally between the vocal folds which can have an adverse affect on voice production and occasionally on respiration.
What is a Traumatic Laryngeal Web.
This etiological factor affects females and results in hoarseness and lowering of pitch due to a decrease in estrogen and progesterone levels resulting in swelling of the vocal folds.
What are the effects of the menstrual cycle on phonation.
The symptomology of this disorder includes possible lip tremor, mandibular tremor and soft palate tremor which is synchronous with the laryngeal and pharyngeal tremors.
What is Essential Tremor.
This psychogenic dysphonia is also known as Mutational Falsetto.
What is Puberphonia.
This intrinsic muscle adducts the vfs; increases medial compression
What is the lateral cricoarytenoid
The laryngoscopic findings of this voice disorder include bilateral extensions of the epithelium at the anterior 1/3rd and posterior 2/3rds of the true vocal folds.
What are Vocal Nodules.