Environmental Health Foundations
What field studies how environmental factors like air, water, soil, food, and chemicals influence human health?
What term describes the average number of years a person is expected to live based on current mortality rates?
What principle states that action should be taken to prevent harm even if scientific certainty is incomplete?
What group of chemicals known as “forever chemicals” are commonly found in food packaging and resist breaking down in the environment?
Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)
What term describes diseases transmitted from animals to humans?
Which determinant of global health refers to lack of access to clean environments, healthcare, and resources?
Which measure counts the total number of existing disease cases in a population at a given time?
When pollution costs are paid by people who did not benefit from the activity, what is this called?
What toxic industrial chemicals once used in electrical equipment and building materials are persistent environmental pollutants?
What event occurs when a disease-causing pathogen jumps from an animal host to humans?
Rapid growth in the number of people, which increases strain on environmental resources like water and food, refers to which determinant of health?
What measurement evaluates the overall impact of disease on a population, including illness, disability, and death?
What environmental principle states that those who cause pollution should pay for cleanup and damage?
What process occurs when organisms absorb toxins faster than they can eliminate them?
What term describes a disease outbreak that spreads across multiple countries or continents?
Which of the three P’s refers to contamination of air, water, and land that can harm human health?
Pollution
What metric combines years lost due to early death and years lived with disability?
What concept ensures fair treatment and involvement of all communities in environmental decision making regardless of race or income?
What process occurs when toxin levels increase higher up the food chain?
What is the term for diseases that were previously controlled but are increasing again?
Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases:
What are the three major global factors known as the “Three P’s” that strongly influence worldwide health?
This study design starts with exposure and follow people over time to observe disease outcomes______.
This study design starts with people who already have a disease and look backward to find exposures____.
This study design measures exposure and disease at the same time.
Cohort Studies
Case-Control Studies
Cross-sectional Studies
What U.S. agency is primarily responsible for enforcing environmental laws and protecting environmental health?
Why are heavy metals like lead and mercury particularly dangerous in the environment?
What three pillars define environmental sustainability and balance health, ecosystems, and economic stability?