CARBOHYDRATES
Multiple Choice. Choose the BEST answer. (30 sec)
Which of the following is the simplest unit of carbohydrates?
A. Amino acid
B. Monosaccharide
C. Fatty acid
D. Nucleotide
B. Monosaccharide
Multiple Choice. Choose the BEST answer. (30 sec)
Which molecules are the basic building blocks of triglycerides?
A. Amino acids and nitrogen bases
B. Glycerol and fatty acids
C. Glucose and fructose
D. Nucleotides
B. Glycerol and fatty acids
Multiple Choice. Choose the BEST answer. (30 sec)
Which amino acid is encoded by the start codon AUG?
A. Serine
B. Methionine
C. Valine
D. Glycine
B. Methionine
Multiple Choice. Choose the BEST answer. (30 secs)
Which molecule serves as the long-term storage of genetic information?
A. RNA
B. DNA
C. Amino acid
D. Nucleus
B. DNA
Multiple Choice. Choose the BEST answer. (30 secs)
Which biomolecule provides the quickest source of energy for cells?
A. Lipids
B. Proteins
C. Carbohydrates
D. Nucleic acids
C. Carbohydrates
Multiple Choice. Choose the BEST answer. (20 sec)
Which carbohydrate is made up of an unbranched chain of glucose molecules linked by a β-1,4 glycosidic bond and considered to be the most important constituent of the cell wall?
A. Starch
B. Glucose
C. Cellulose
D. Chitin
C. Cellulose
Multiple Choice. Choose the BEST answer. (20 sec)
Which type of fatty acid contains one or more carbon–carbon double bonds?
A. Saturated fatty acid
B. Unsaturated fatty acid
C. Steroid
D. Wax
B. Unsaturated fatty acid
Multiple Choice. Choose the BEST answer. (30 sec)
Which bond forms when the carboxyl group of one amino acid reacts with the amino group of another?
A. Glycosidic bond
B. Hydrogen bond
C. Peptide bond
D. Ester bond
C. Peptide bond
Multiple Choice. Choose the BEST answer. (20 secs)
Which base is found in RNA but not in DNA?
A. Thymine
B. Uracil
C. Cytosine
D. Guanine
B. Uracil
Identification. (30 secs)
Which protein found in red blood cells is responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body?
Hemoglobin
Identification. (1 min)
Two monosaccharides combine through a condensation reaction, forming a covalent bond between them.
What type of bond connects these sugar units?
Glycosidic Bond
Identification. (1 min)
A lipid sample is solid at room temperature, and its hydrocarbon chains contain no carbon–carbon double bonds, allowing the molecules to pack tightly together.
What type of fatty acid is present?
Saturated Fatty Acid
Multiple Choice. Choose the BEST answer. (30 sec)
A mutation causes one amino acid in a protein chain to be replaced by another, altering the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide.
Which level of protein structure is affected?
A. Primary structure
B. Secondary structure
C. Tertiary structure
D. Quaternary structure
A. Primary structure
Identification. (1 min)
What are the 3 compositions of nucleotide?
sugar, base/nitrogenous base, phosphate group
Multiple Choice. Choose the BEST answer. (20 secs)
A nutrition label shows that a snack provides 9 kcal of energy per gram from one of its major biomolecules. Compared with other energy-source biomolecules, this biomolecule stores more energy because of its long hydrocarbon chains with many C–H bonds.
Which biomolecule is being described?
A. Carbohydrate
B. Protein
C. Lipid
D. Nucleic acid
C. Lipids
Identification. (45 sec)
A marathon runner eats a large plate of pasta before a race. The excess carbohydrate consumed will most likely be stored in the liver and muscles as a polysaccharide.
What polysaccharide is being identified?
Glycogen
Identification (45 sec)
A researcher studies a biomolecule that:
What lipid class is this?
Phospholipids
Identification. (45 secs)
A chef accidentally leaves egg whites in a hot pan for too long. The proteins lose their natural shape due to high temperature and cannot return to their original structure.
What process occurred?
Denaturation
Identification. (45 secs)
A molecular biologist studies a molecule that:
What specific type of nucleic acid is this?
mRNA / messenger RNA
Identification. (45 secs)
John is not advised to eat or consume milk ever since he experienced bloating and diarrhea after drinking it.
What possible condition is this, and what enzyme is he possibly missing?
Lactose intolerance, lactase
Identification. (20 sec)
A student analyzes a carbohydrate with the general formula Cₙ(H₂O)ₙ and observes that it is made of two monosaccharide units joined together and must be broken down before absorption in the small intestine.
What class/type of carbohydrate is this?
Disaccharide
Identification. (40 sec)
A nutritionist advises a patient to avoid processed foods such as cookies, cakes, and packaged snacks because they often contain lipids formed through partial hydrogenation of vegetable oils. It creates a straighter hydrocarbon chain that packs more tightly, making the fat more solid at room temperature and extending shelf life. However, this lipid structure is associated with higher LDL (“bad”) cholesterol levels and a greater risk of cardiovascular disease.
What harmful type of lipid is being described? Give the BEST and specific answer.
Trans Fatty Acid
Identification. (30 secs)
A mutation replaces glutamic acid with valine in a hemoglobin protein chain, altering its function and causing red blood cells to deform.
What genetic disease is this an example of?
Sickle Cell Anemia
Identification. (45 secs)
During transcription, a DNA strand with the sequence:
ATG
is copied into mRNA.
What is its complementary mRNA codon and amino acid?
UAC, Tyrosine (Tyr)
Identification. (45 secs)
A geneticist analyzes a protein fragment and identifies the following amino acid sequence at the beginning of the polypeptide chain:
Start– Ala – Val
What is the corresponding DNA template strand that was transcribed to produce this mRNA?
TAC CGA CAA