Theories of Psychology
The rational part of the mind that balances the desires of the ID with reality.
Ego
What is the following an example of?
Natural selection
A language learned after the first, usually for communication or education purposes.
Second language
What is the following an example of?
Nativist
What are some of the differences between language learning and language acquisition?
Language learning is a conscious process where people study grammar, vocabulary, and rules, often in a classroom. Language acquisition happens naturally, especially in children, through everyday interactions and communication.
A mental framework that helps organise and interpret information based on prior knowledge.
Schema
What is the following an example of?
Inheritance
A language not commonly spoken in a person's country, often learned in school.
Foreign language
What does the following describe?
LAD
In your own words, explain the Sociocultural theory in Language learning.
It suggests that people learn language through social interaction with others. This theory highlights the importance of communication, collaboration, and cultural context, showing that language development is deeply influenced by the environment and relationships.
A general idea or category that groups similar objects, events, or qualities together.
Concept
This refers to understanding others, including their feelings, thoughts, and social cues, which helps in building relationships and effective communication.
Interpersonal knowledge
What is the following an example of?
Sensorimotor stage
The range of tasks a learner can perform with assistance, illustrating the importance of support in developing skills.
ZPD
In your own words, explain what the Critical Period Hypothesis is.
It suggests that there is a specific time in childhood when the brain is most ready to learn language. After this period, usually around puberty, it becomes much harder to learn a language fluently.
A typical example or model that represents a category of objects or ideas.
Prototype
This refers to understanding oneself, including emotions, thoughts, and motivations, helping individuals reflect on their own experiences.
Intrapersonal knowledge
How do you call errors made during learning that show understanding of language rules and concepts.
Intelligent mistakes
It refers to the social environment and interactions that support language learning, particularly from caregivers and peers.
LASS
In your own words, explain what the Zone of Proximal Development is.
The gap between what a learner can do alone and what they can achieve with help. It represents the ideal level for learning, where tasks are challenging but achievable with support, helping learners develop new skills and knowledge with guidance.
What perspective is it employed?
A therapist explores a patient's childhood experiences to uncover unresolved conflicts affecting their current relationships and emotions.
Psychodynamic
What perspective does this method employ?
A therapist helps a teenager understand their feelings about identity by discussing cultural influences and family traditions during sessions.
Sociocultural
What is the following an example of?
Operant conditioning
What is the following an example of?
Critical Period Hypothesis
In your own words, explain the limitations of the Nativist theory.
overlook the role of social interaction
doesn't fully explain why some individuals struggle
assumes a uniformity in language acquisition across cultures
doesn’t account for the impact of motivation and emotional factors,