Vocabulary
The process of creating and sharing meaning between people using symbols.
Communication
This model is one-way with no immediate feedback.
What is the linear model?
When a message is interpreted differently from what the sender intended.
What is misunderstanding?
The collection of beliefs and perceptions you have about yourself.
What is self-concept?
The process of making meaning from sensory information.
What is perception?
Anything that interferes with communication.
What is noise?
In this model, both people send and receive messages at the same time.
What is the transactional model?
Name one type of external noise.
Loud music, traffic, side conversations, or phones (any one)
When expectations about yourself influence behavior and outcomes.
What is a self-fulfilling prophecy?
Assuming traits based on group membership is called
What is stereotyping
The type of noise caused by hunger, fatigue, or illness.
What is physiological noise?
Name one real-life example of the transactional model.
Conversation, texting, group work, or face-to-face discussion
Why does noise increase the chance of misunderstanding?
Because it interferes with sending, receiving, or interpreting messages correctly.
Adjusting communication behavior to fit cultural or social expectations.
What is adaptation?
Early perceptions that strongly shape later interpretations are called:
What are first impressions?
The ability to understand another person’s perspective.
What is empathy?
In which model can misunderstanding occur if the receiver misinterprets the message, since feedback isn’t immediate?
What is the linear model?
A student texts a friend “Whatever” and assumes the friend is angry, but the friend meant “Okay.” Explain the misunderstanding here
Answers will vary
How people present themselves to others to influence how they are seen.
What is identity management?
Name two ways empathy improves communication.
Improves communication competence, conflict resolution, and relationship quality (any two)
The smaller cultural groups within a larger society that influence identity.
Coculture
Why is the transactional model considered more accurate for real life communication than the linear model?
Because both people influence the message at the same time, meaning is created together, and feedback happens immediately.
Give one strategy to reduce misunderstandings caused by noise.
Perception checking, asking for clarification, active listening, removing distractions (any one)
Name one external influence on self-concept.
Family, teachers/authority figures, peers/friends, media/social media
A strategy to reduce misunderstandings that includes pausing, considering multiple explanations, and asking for clarification.
What is perception checking?