Population (Ch. 9)
The study of human population size, distribution, and changes over time.
What is demography
Variety of life in a given area.
What is biodiversity
Underground layer of rock or sediment that holds water.
What is an aquifer
Pollutant released directly into the air.
What is a primary pollutant?
Growth of cities and human settlements
What is urbanization?
The maximum number of individuals an environment can support.
What is Carrying Capacity
Species found only in one specific geographic area
What is an endemic species
Pollution from multiple diffuse sources like farms and roads
What is non-point source pollution
Pollutant formed by chemical reactions in the atmosphere.
What is a secondary pollutant?
Tourism that focuses on conservation and protecting natural environments.
What is ecotourism
This factor most strongly lowers birth rates in developed countries
What is women's education
Illegal hunting or capturing of wildlife.
What is poaching?
Nutrient overload that causes algal blooms.
What is artificial eutrophication
Air pollution created by chemical reactions involving sunlight and pollutants.
What is smog?
Supplying water to crops
What is irrigation
Movement of people out of a population
What is emigration
A species that plays a critical role in ecosystem balance.
What is a keystone species?
What is thermal pollution
Rain, snow, or fog containing acids formed from air pollution
What is acid precipitation?
indoor pollutants causing health problems in buildings.
What is sick‑building syndrome?
Explain why human population growth increased rapidly in the last few centuries.
What is Improved healthcare, sanitation, food supply, etc.
Name two conservation strategies and explain how they protect biodiversity.
Captive breeding, habitat conservation plans, ecotourism, sustainable land use
Why is freshwater limited even though Earth is mostly covered by water.
Most water is saltwater; only ~3% is freshwater, much of it frozen or underground.
Sudden drop in water pH harming aquatic life
What is acid shock?
Explain how infrastructure affects population health and life expectancy
Access to clean water, sanitation, healthcare, transportation, etc