Nervous System
Which neuroglia cells make myelin around axons of neurons in CNS?
Oligodendrocytes
What is the brachial plexus derived from? (Be specific)
Ventral rami of C5-C8, T1
Where is CSF found?
Subarachnoid space
Which two types of arteries from the Circle of Willis?
- Vertebral arteries
- Internal carotid arteries
- both are derived from tyrosine amino acid
- T4 has an extra iodine attached to it
From where to where do efferent neurons transmit their impulses?
- from CNS to an effector
What specific nerve is derived from the cervical plexus and innervates the diaphragm?
Phrenic nerve
The length of the spinal cord is marked from which structure to which structure?
Medulla oblongata to level of L2 vertebrae/conus medullaris
What is the function of the choroid plexus and what is it composed of (2)?
- Filters CSF from blood in ventricles
- Ependymal cells & capillaries
Identify two key actions of ADH.
- increase water retention/concentrate urine
- vasoconstriction/increase blood pressure
Where are interneurons exclusively found?
CNS
Which terminal branch supplies cutaneous innervation to the palmar aspect of digits 1-3 and the lateral half of digit 4?
Median nerve
Name two extensions of pia mater and their function.
- denticulate ligaments
- filum terminale
Identify all of the hormones released from the anterior versus posterior pituitary gland.
- Anterior pituitary: FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, MSH, PRL, Endorphins, GH
- Posterior pituitary: oxytocin, vasopressin
Identify what conditions occur as a result of hyposecretion versus Hypersecretion of GH.
- Hyposecretion: dwarfism
- Hypersecretion: gigantism and acromegaly
What is the purpose of the blood brain barrier and which neuroglia cells help form it?
- To regulate what passes from the blood to the brain
- Astrocytes
Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve is a continuation of which nerve? What does it supply?
- Musculocutaneous nerve
- cutaneous inn. to skin on lateral forearm
Identify what you can find in the epidural space (2).
- Batson’s veins
- globules of fat/adipose tissue
What do venous sinuses drain out of the cranial cavity (2 things)?
- deoxygenated blood
- used CSF
Identify the stimuli that cause the adrenal cortex versus the adrenal medulla to release their secretions?
- Adrenal cortex: stimulated by stress
- Adrenal medulla: stimulated by activation of sympathetic nervous system
Which structure allows for saltatory conduction of electrical impulses?
At what point do spinal nerves become part of the PNS?
Once they exit through the intervertebral foramina.
What is contained within dorsal root ganglions? (Be specific)
Cell bodies of sensory nerve fibers
Where does all CSF eventually end up?
Subarachnoid space (to bathe the brain and spinal cord)
Describe the antagonistic relationship between calcitonin and PTH.
- Calcitonin lowers blood calcium levels
- PTH raises blood calcium levels
**the action of each becomes a stimulus for the other