Diabetes
What is the definition of diabetes mellitus?
A disease in which the body’s ability to produce or respond to insulin is impaired, resulting in abnormal metabolism of carbs
What is anemia?
Anemia is a condition in which blood doesn't
have enough healthy red blood cells to carry
oxygen throughout the body.
What is epilepsy?
A disorder in which nerve cell activity in the
brain is disturbed, causing seizures.
What is the definition of asthma?
Disease marked by recurring temporary constriction (get smaller) of the bronchi and bronchioles in the lungs
What is the definition of Medical Conditions
Generally, an abnormal condition that negatively affects the structure or function of all or part of the body.
What are the different types of diabetes? How do you get each?
Type 1 you are born with
Type 2 you get by eating unhealthy and not exercising
What are the signs of iron deficiency anemia?
First stage of deficiency, performance declines
Athlete may feel burning thighs and nausea from becoming anaerobic
May display some mild impairments in maximum performance
Fatigue
Dizziness or lightheadedness
Cold hands and feet
Pale skin
What is the difference between a petit mal seizure and a grand mal seizure?
May last 5-15 seconds (petit mal seizure) or longer (grand mal seizure)
What are the triggers of an asthma attack? (at least 5)
Allergic reaction to a plant, an animal, a food, or
smoggy conditions.
Cold air, dry air
High pollen levels
Anxiety
Change in exercise patterns
Smoke
Poor physical condition
Intensity of exercise
Respiratory infection such as a cold
What is an endocrinologist?
A medical doctor that focuses on the endocrine system and diabetes
What are the symptoms of untreated diabetes? (at least 5)
Urinating often
Feeling very thirsty
Itchy dry skin
Feeling very hungry
Extreme fatigue
Blurry vision
Cuts/bruises that are slow to heal
More infections than usual
Weight loss—even though you are eating more (type 1)
Tingling, pain, or numbness in the hands/feet (type 2)
What is sickle cell anemia? How is it caused?
Fever, pallor, muscle weakness, pain in limbs
Pain in upper right quadrant indicating possible splenic infarction
Headaches and convulsions are also possible
Vision problems, delayed growth or puberty
How is epilepsy caused?
For some forms of epilepsy there is genetic predisposition
Brain injury or altered brain metabolism
What are the symptoms of an asthma attack?
Symptoms include Wheezing or high pitched noise when breathing
Chest pain
Chest tightness
Fatigue during exercise
Dry cough
Stomach cramps post exercise
What are the symptoms of hypoglycemia? (at least 5)
Hunger
Racing heartbeat
Sweating
Shaking
Inability to think clearly
Headache
Physical weakness
Loss of motor coordination
Irritability
Drowsiness that can lead to anxiety
How do you treat type 1 and type 2 diabetes?
Type 1 - Diabetes requires a doctor’s care,
athlete needs insulin injections for the rest of
their life
Type 2 -
Symptoms controlled through diet
Exercise
Possible medication
What causes sickle cell anemia?
How is it treated?
Sickle cell anemia is caused by a change in the gene that tells the body to make hemoglobin.
For a child to have sickle cell anemia, both parents must carry one copy of the sickle cell gene and pass both copies to the child.
Management of sickle cell anemia is usually aimed
at avoiding pain episodes, relieving symptoms and
preventing complications.
Treatments might include medicines and blood
transfusions.
Can’t be in high altitudes (can cause more sickling
of blood cells)
How is epilepsy treated?
Individuals that experience daily or weekly seizures should be prohibited from participating in collision sports (blow resulting in unconsciousness could result in serious injury)
Must be careful with activities involving changes in pressure
Can be managed with medication
Athlete may experience undesirable side effects – care giver must be aware
What is the treatment for an asthma attack?
Remove athlete from trigger
If athlete has prescribed medication, he or she
should use it - inhaler
Have athlete sit down with arms elevated
Have athlete breathe through the nose
Contact EMS if symptoms persist
Attacks are potentially life-threatening
What are the different levels of hypoglycemia? What are the numbers for each?
Level 1 (mild) hypoglycemia:
Blood glucose is less than 70 mg/dL but is
54 mg/dL or higher.
Level 2 (moderate) hypoglycemia:
Blood glucose is less than 54 mg/dL.
Level 3 (severe) hypoglycemia:
A person is unable to function because of
mental or physical changes. They need help
from another person.
Compare and contrast type 1 and type 2 diabetes? How are they similar? How are they the same?
...
How is iron deficiency caused? Who is it most common in?
Causes
Blood loss
Problems absorbing iron
Cancer
Other diseases that cause a decrease in iron production (ex: kidney disease)
Most common in:
Prevalent in menstruating women and males age 7-14
GI loss of iron in runners is common
Aspirin and NSAIDs may cause GI bleeding and iron loss
Menstration accounts for most iron lost in women
Vegetarian athletes may also be deficient in intake relative to iron loss
Be sure to have individual sit or lie down
Remain composed
Try to cushion athlete's fall
Keep athlete away from surrounding objects that could cause injury
Loosen restricting clothing
Do not force anything between the athlete's teeth
Explain ALL of the steps on how to use an inhaler
Have the patient sitting up
Shake the inhaler
Exhale
Wrap your lips around the end of the inhaler
Press down on the dispenser
Inhale and hold for 10 seconds
Exhale out of your mouth slowly
If symptoms don't improve in 10 minutes, do it again