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What is language transfer?
The influence of the first language on learning a second language.
What is interference?
→ Negative influence of the first language causing errors in the second language
What is generalization in language learning?
Applying a learned rule to similar cases.
What is inductive learning?
→ Learning by discovering rules from examples.
What is cognitive factor?
→ Mental processes involved in learning such as thinking, memory, and understanding.
What is positive transfer?
→ When the first language helps learning the second language.
What is negative transfer?
→ When the first language causes errors in the second language.
How does interference affect learning?
→ It causes mistakes due to incorrect application of first language rules.
What is the main idea of generalization?
→ Applying one rule to many similar situations.
What is deductive learning?
→ Learning by being given rules first and then applying them.
What is the difference between inductive and deductive learning?
→ Inductive learns rules from examples, deductive applies given rules.
How does transfer affect second language learning?
→ It can help (positive) or cause errors (negative).
What is overgeneralization?
→ Applying a rule too widely where it is not correct.
What is an example of interference?
→ Using first language grammar structure in second language incorrectly.
Which approach involves rule discovery?
→ Inductive learning.
A man looks at a photo and says: “I have no brothers or sisters, but this man’s father is my father’s son.” Who is in the photo?
→ His son
I have keys but no locks, I have space but no room. You can enter, but you can’t go inside. What am I?
→ A keyboard
What has many teeth but cannot bite?
→ A comb
What can fill a room but takes up no space?
→ Light
A man shaves several times a day but still has a beard. Who is he?
→ A barber
A student says “She go to school” instead of “She goes to school” because in their native language verbs do not change with subjects. Which cognitive factor is this?
→ Interference
A learner notices that “cat → cats”, “dog → dogs”, and then applies the rule to say “book → books”. Which cognitive process is this?
→ Generalization
A student already knows English and finds it easier to learn German because some sentence structures are similar. Which factor is helping the learner?
→ Positive transfer
A learner applies the rule of regular past tense and says “eated” instead of “ate”. What is this an example of?
→ Overgeneralization (Generalization error)
In class, the teacher first explains the grammar rule “Present Simple tense” and then asks students to complete exercises using it. Which learning approach is this?
→ Deductive learning