Learning/Conditioning
Maya drinks coffee at a cafe and does her work while feeling productive. After weeks of doing this, the smell of coffee starts to make her feel alert even if she isn't in the cafe. What is the conditioned stimulus and response?
The conditioned stimulus is the smell of the coffee and the conditioned response is feeling alert/productive.
Which of the following would be the first step for encoding memory?
a. Recognition
b. Relearning
c. Attention
d. Rehearsal
c. Attention
Why does sleep paralysis occur?
Muscles are paralyzed during REM sleep, but the brain is active.
Lucy encounters a rattlesnake when she is camping in the woods. According to the James-Lange theory, how would she feel fear in this situation?
Lucy would first feel her heart pound and would begin to sweat FIRST, and then she would feel fear.
Patricia is able to drive her car without thinking about every single step. What kind of memory is this?
Implicit
To reward Harry's hard work at the office, Lisa decides to give Harry a raise. What kind of reinforcement is this?
Positive Reinforcement
Shayla is taking a free response essay exam for her english class about Shakespeare. Which of the following best describes what kind of memory test this is?
a. Recall
b. Recognition
c. Relearning
When does REM last the longest during the sleep cycle?
Jordan is walking alone at night when he suddenly hears a rustle in the bushes. He first thinks about how scared he is, and then feels fear. Which theory best explains this?
Schachter-Singer (Two-Factor Theory)
Leo has a dream about being stuck in a desert without water. How would the activation-synthesis theory explain this?
The brain structure that activates thirst is suddenly active during sleep, but the rest of Leo's brain forms this into a story in his dream.
Three-year-old Claire notices that her mother always cusses when she drops something on the floor. One time, Claire drops a spaghetti bowl on the floor and she cusses as well. Which of the following best describes this?
a. Negative Reinforcement
b. Observational Learning
c. Classical Conditioning
d. Extinction
B. Observational Learning
Keegan's crush gives him her phone number audibly and forgot to write it down for him. What would be the best way for Keegan to memorize her number?
Chunking
Fabian had a dream about riding a tiger and he suddenly grew wings and flew to Paris. He told his best friend about this dream and his friend said that Fabian may desire more freedom. Which is the manifest content and which is the latent content?
The manifest content is the tiger and the wings, while the latent content is Fabian's desire for freedom.
How would the Cannon-Bard Theory explain the sadness that you feel when watching a sad movie?
You start to cry at the exact same time you feel sadness (emotion and physiological reaction are simultaneous).
When Baby Albert was conditioned to fear the white rat, he was afraid of other white animals after. What learning phenomena is this?
Generalization
Bradley had a fear of spiders that he eventually learned to get over, but one day, he found a spider hanging on his lamp. He suddenly felt extreme fear and ran out of his room. What phenomenon happened to Bradley?
Spontaneous recovery
Henry had a piece of his hippocampus removed because he suffered from seizures. However, after the surgery, he was unable to retain new memories. What kind of amnesia did he get?
Anterograde
What stage would sleepwalking occur?
During non-REM sleep.
Charlotte reaches for her phone in her pocket and realizes that it isn't there. Her heart rate spikes up and she panics. What stage of General Adaptation is this?
Alarm
What is the main difference between James-Lange and Schachter-Singer?
James-Lange has the physiological reaction first, and then emotional interpretation. Schachter-Singer has the emotional interpretation first, and then the emotion.
Pierre gives his dog, Simon, a treat every 10 times Simon spins. What schedule of reinforcement best describes Pierre's method of training?
Fixed Ratio
Marissa listens to a new song, however, she cannot remember the middle of the song and only remembers the last verse. What effect does this scenario best describe?
Recency effect
Paulina is traveling to Paris from LA (West to East) while Antoine is traveling to LA from Paris (East to West). Who is more likely to experience a jet-lag?
Paulina, because her circadian rhythm is being shifted earlier.
Why is there a higher tendency for people to get more sick before midterms or finals week?
Prolonged stress leads to a weaker immune system, leading to more illnesses.
John is slowly getting ready for a party despite being an hour late, while his wife, Carrie, is rushing him and feels irritated by the time wasted. Who has a Type A personality and who has a Type B personality?
Carrie is a type A personality while John is a Type B personality.