History
New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller deployed the National Guard to stop the Attica Riots at one of these places. Native American activists staged a 19-month-long occupation of a closed one of these places, which was located on an island in San Francisco Bay and notoriously hard to escape. For 10 points, Alcatraz was a historic one of what locations where criminals are detained?
Prisons
In 1696, Newton was tasked to minimize this quantity for a sliding bead on a frictionless slope in the brachistochrone problem. The SI unit for this quantity is defined by the oscillations of an atom of cesium-133. The science of accurately measuring this quantity is known as chronometry. The precise interval of a pendulum is sometimes used to measure this quantity. For ten points, name this quantity that clocks measure and that can be found by dividing distance over speed.
Time
In 2015, some attendees to this organization's 65th Congress were arrested at the Hotel Baur au Lac. The 2014 Garcia Report detailed an investigation into suspected bribery related to this organization's bidding process for host sites. Former CONCACAF officials Jack Warner and Chuck Blazer are under investigation for their roles in corruption in this organization. For 10 points, name this international organization that sponsors soccer's World Cup.
FIFA
This man edited the weekly magazine Household Words and published short stories under the pseudonym Boz. In the section "The Track of The Storm" in a novel by this author, Charles Darnay is saved from the guillotine [GHEE-uh-teen] by Sydney Carton. This author created a character who is visited by the chain-dragging ghost of Jacob Marley and three spirits representing his past, present, and future. That man is Ebenezer Scrooge. For ten points, name this author of A Tale of Two Cities and A Christmas Carol
Charles Dickens
These people are split into Class I, II, or III, and are either "senior" or "junior". The president pro tempore is the most experienced one of these people from the majority party. The 17th Amendment required these people to be directly elected to their six-year terms. There are two of these people from each state, including Mitch McConnell from Kentucky. For 10 points, what people make up the upper house of Congress?
U.S. Senators
This leader served as First Lord of the Admiralty until the disastrous Gallipoli Campaign, and he was succeeded in his highest post by Clement Attlee. This winner of the 1953 Nobel Prize in Literature said "I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears, and sweat" just before the Battle for Britain, and later and spoke of an "Iron Curtain." For 10 points, name this prime minister who led Great Britain through the Second World War.
Winston Churchill
When immersed in potassium dichromate and silver nitrate, these cells turn black in Golgi staining. The synthesis of proteins in these cells takes place in Nissl (NISS-uhl) bodies. Coming in two varieties, these cells can come in pyramidal and multipolar varieties. Parts of these entities include the Nodes of Ranvier, the soma, and these also possess dendrites and axons. For 10 points, name these specialized cells that connect to each other to form networks in the body's central and peripheral nervous systems.
Neurons
This team's Damien Williams opted out of their current season due to COVID-19 after this team drafted his apparent replacement, Clyde Edwards-Helaire [Clyde Edwards ell-AYR]. This team's head coach, Andy Reid, claimed not to have heard their fans booing a moment of silence at the 2020 season opener. A five-hundred-three-million-dollar contract was signed by this team's starting quarterback, Patrick Mahomes, who led this team to a victory over the Forty-Niners to win the 2020 Super Bowl. For 10 points, name this NFL team that plays in Kansas City.
Kansas City Chiefs
This author created a character who searches for Nicholas Vedder and Brom Dutcher when he returns from playing ninepins with Henry Hudson in the Catskill Mountains. In a story from this author's collection The Sketchbook of Geoffrey Crayon, Katrina Van Tassel marries Brom Bones after his romantic rival, Ichabod Crane, is chased away by the Headless Horseman. For 10 points, name this author of "Rip Van Winkle" and "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow."
Washinton Irving
Jesus’s instruction in Matthew to “pray to your Father who is in secret” is the origin of this group’s mystical practice of heychasm. Members of this religious group, the largest to celebrate the Eucharist with the Divine Liturgy, give offerings of incense during services. Several branches of this religious group still use the Julian (*) Calendar, depict the cross with a second, slanted beam, and use a wall of religious images called an iconostasis. Patriarchs and synods govern, for 10 points, what religious denomination that split from the Catholic Church in the 1054 Great Schism?
Eastern Orthodox Christian Church
In this empire, girls called aclla were chosen for training in beer brewing, textiles, and/or performing religious services in special houses expanded by Pachacuti. Chasqui runners relayed messages encoded in knotted vines called quipu[kee-poo], traveling onroads between cities like Cajamarca and Cuzco. Atahualpa[ah-tah-WALL-pah]led this empire, whichwas conquered by Francisco Pizzaro's conquistadors. Machu Picchu was built by, for ten points, what empire based in Peru?
Inca
This mineral has the lowest crystallization temperature on Bowen's reaction series. This mineral is normally the last to crystallize in magma, so it fills the space between other minerals. It has a conchoidal fracture, and it exhibits the piezoelectric effect when under stress. Although this mineral is usually colorless and transparent, it has many varieties including onyx, milky, and amethyst, all of which have different colors. Name this mineral with chemical formula silicon dioxide, a 7 on Moh's scale of mineral hardness.
Quartz
One version of this software introduced the Charms bar, which displays five icons used to navigate. One past version of this software was criticized for its User Account Control. Aside from the "Vista" version, this operating system's past versions include 95 and XP. Common features on it include the Command Prompt and Start menu. For 10 points, name this operating system created by Microsoft that recently released their 10 version.
Windows OS
This literary work was the subject of a lecture subtitled "The Monsters and the Critics" delivered by J. R. R. Tolkien, whose translation used the word "Lo!" for its famously hard-to-translate first word, "hwaet" ["hwat"]. This work's title character is fatally wounded by a dragon that he and Wiglaf fight against. King Hrothgar's mead hall Heorot is defended by this work's title character, who wields the sword Hrunting against a monster and his mother. For 10 points, name this Old English epic poem, whose title hero defeats Grendel.
Beowolf
This politician controversially compared himself to Christ during his “Swing Around the Circle” speech tour. He replaced Hannibal Hamlin in one office after serving as governor of Tennessee. This politician backed quick re-instatement for the South during reconstruction, angering (*) Radical Republicans. The firing of Edwin Stanton resulted in this President violating the Tenure of Office Act and becoming the first President to be impeached. For 10 points, name this 17th President of the United States who succeeded Abraham Lincoln.
Andrew Johnson
At a sack of this dynasty's capital, a river was said to run black with the ink of books thrown into it. A member of this dynasty sent an elephant named Abu Abbas as a gift to Charlemagne. The general Abu Muslim led a revolt named for this dynasty that overthrew the Umayyad dynasty. The House of Wisdom was constructed by this dynasty in its capital of Baghdad, which was conquered by the Mongols in 1258. For 10 points, name this Islamic dynasty, whose member Harun al-Rashid is a main character of the Thousand and One Arabian Nights.
If an alcohol, sodium, and ammonia are present, this compound can undergo the Birch reduction, and this compound can be acylated or alkylated by the Friedel-Crafts reaction. If one of the hydrogens in this compound is replaced by a hydroxide group, it is known as phenol, while if replaced with a methyl group, it is known as toluene. Friedrich Kekule proposed the structure of this smallest cyclic compound to follow the 4n plus two rule named after Huckel. A cyclic structure with alternating single and double bonds, for 10 points, identify this simplest aromatic compound with formula C-6-H-6.
Benezene (or C6H6)
One character in this work remembers when “Buddy Holly was singing his very last song” and is later described as “a low down cheap little punk.” A building in this film is said to be “probably some kind of hunting lodge for rich weirdos” by another character who later asks, “Say, do any of you guys know how to Madison?” One dance number in this film is described as “just a jump to the left / And a step to the right,” and is performed by characters such as Riff-Raff and Magenta. For 10 points, name this film in which a character played by Tim Curry introduces himself to Brad and Janet as a “Sweet Transvestite from Transsexual, Transylvania.”
The Rocky Horror Picture Show
In one poem by this author, he denounces "vain, deluding joys" in favor of the "saintly visage" of Melancholy, while in a companion poem he resolves to live with Mirth. One poem by this author urges shepherds to "weep no more" for the drowning of the title character. This author of "Il Penseroso" and "Lycidas" wrote a blank verse epic whose antagonist claims that it is "Better to reign in Hell than serve in Heaven" from his capital of Pandemonium. For 10 points, name this English poet who described Adam and Eve's expulsion from heaven in Paradise Lost.
John Milton
During House debate over this act, Lewis Campbell’s filibuster resulted in violence. This act was criticized in the Peoria Speech by Abraham Lincoln, and the Republican Party was created to fight this act. Designed by Stephen Douglas, it provided for popular (*) sovereignty to determine the status of slavery by repealing the Missouri Compromise. For 10 points, name this 1854 act that created the two namesake territories in the Great Plains.
Kansas Nebraska Act of 1854
A photo of this man named Guerrillero Heroico [gare-ee-yare-oh hair-oh-ee-co] has been cited as the "most famous photograph in the world." This man proclaimed "Shoot, coward; you are only going to kill a man!" before he was killed. After helping overthrow Fulgencio Batista, this man was appointed head of the national bank of Cuba. For 10 points, name this doctor-turned-revolutionary who helped Fidel Castro take over Cuba.
Ernesto Guevara
A technique using these devices utilizes the Doppler effect to cool atoms to temperatures near absolute zero. Optical tweezers use these devices to manipulate microscopic particles. Optical pumping transfers energy into the gain medium of one of these devices to create a state in which more atoms exist in higher energy states than lower ones, called (*) population inversion. These devices use stimulated emission to output collimated, coherent light. For 10 points, name these devices, examples of which include namesake “sights” and “pointers.”
Lasers
One music video by this band features a man with a dog's head carrying a radio around what appears to be New York City. This group collaborated on a song saying "I switch up my cup, I kill any pain" and repeating "look what you've done." That song is "Starboy" with The Weeknd. Another of their songs states "she's up all night to 'til the sun" and "we're up all night to get lucky." For 10 points, name this helmet-wearing French electronic duo.
Daft Punk
A character in this play takes her sister to Eunice's apartment after her husband, enraged at his sister-in-law's dancing, throws a radio out of a window during a poker game with Mitch. This play's protagonist is raped by her brother-in-law, and says she has "always depended on the kindness of strangers" as she is taken away to a psychiatric hospital. For 10 points, name this play about Blanche DuBois's [doo-BWAH's] visit with Stella and Stanley Kowalski, written by Tennessee Williams.
A Streetcar Named Desire
This deity has an androgynous form named Ardhanarishvara [ard-hannah-rish-vara] and shares many features with the vedic god Rudra. This deity, whose first wife killed herself after her father insulted her husband, is often depicted trampling the dwarf of ignorance, Apasmara. This god who is known as the eternal danceror nataraja had his throat turned blue after swallowing poison during the churning of the ocean. For 10 points, name the Hindu God of destruction, the third member of the trimurti along with Brahma and Vishnu.
Shiva