Causes of WW I
The 1914 European conflict that drew in alliances and became a “total war.”
What is World War I?
The system of deeply dug battlefield lines that caused stalemate and massive casualties.
What is trench warfare?
U.S. government effort to shape public opinion and support for the war through messaging.
What is propaganda?
Postwar fear of radicals/communism that fueled crackdowns and suspicion.
What is the Red Scare?
Mass buying of goods like cars and appliances, fueled by advertising and new technology.
What is consumer culture?
This amendment began national Prohibition in 1920.
What is the 18th Amendment?
Famous 1925 trial about teaching evolution vs. religious traditionalism.
What is the Scopes Trial?
Anti-immigrant attitude that grew stronger in the 1920s.
What is nativism?
U.S. policy at the start of WWI that meant staying out of the fighting.
What is neutrality?
Required military service used to rapidly build the U.S. army.
What is the draft (conscription)?
A WWI-era law used to punish interference with the war effort.
What is the Espionage Act?
Violent 1919 period of racial riots and attacks in many U.S. cities.
What is the Red Summer?
Buying method that lets people purchase now and pay later over time.
What is installment buying (credit)?
Law that enforced Prohibition by defining illegal alcohol and penalties.
What is the Volstead Act?
Cultural conflict of the 1920s framed as modern ideas vs. traditional values.
What is a culture war?
Immigration policies in the 1920s that limited entrants by nationality.
What are immigration quotas?
This German policy of attacking ships helped push the U.S. toward war.
What is unrestricted submarine warfare?
Term for the idea that the entire society and economy are organized for war.
What is total war?
A 1918 law used to punish speech considered disloyal or antiwar.
What is the Sedition Act?
System where Allied powers controlled former Ottoman and German territories after WWI.
What is the mandate system?
What is the stock market crash of 1929?
What is the stock market crash of 1929?
Illegal bars that became symbols of Prohibition-era nightlife.
What are speakeasies?
Mass media technology that brought entertainment/news into homes nationwide.
What is the radio?
Resurgent white supremacist group that gained influence in the 1920s.
What is the Ku Klux Klan (KKK)?
1917 message proposing Mexico ally with Germany against the U.S.
What is the Zimmermann Telegram?
The 1918 agreement that stopped the fighting before a final peace treaty.
What is the armistice?
1918 global health crisis that spread rapidly due to troop movement and crowding.
What is the influenza pandemic?
The opposing WWI alliance that included Germany and Austria-Hungary.
What are the Central Powers?
President known for pro-business policies and “the business of America is business.”
Who is Calvin Coolidge?
Crime networks that expanded during Prohibition to supply alcohol.
What is organized crime?
Mass entertainment industry that boomed and shaped national culture in the 1920s.
What are movies (Hollywood)?
African American leader associated with Black pride and a global Black nationalist movement.
Who is Marcus Garvey?
The Allied side in WWI that included Britain and France.
What are the Allies (Entente Powers)?
A postwar peace agreement that punished Germany and redrew Europe’s map.
What is the Treaty of Versailles?
Large movement of Black Americans out of the South during and after WWI.
What is the Great Migration?
Proposed international organization designed to prevent future wars, but the U.S. never joined.
What is the League of Nations?
Major corruption scandal involving oil reserves leased for bribes.
What is the Teapot Dome scandal?
Nickname for the 1920s reflecting its fast changes in culture and economy.
What is the Roaring Twenties (New Era)?
Term used for young women associated with new fashions and independence in the 1920s.
What is a flapper?
The 1920s “modern vs traditional” debate also intensified questions about who counts as American—especially for this group arriving from abroad.
Who are immigrants?