The Origin of Language
According to Charles Darwin, Early humans had already developed ____________ prior to language and were using it “to charm each other.”
musical ability
What is a phoneme?
A phoneme is a speech sound. It’s the smallest unit of sound that distinguishes one word from another.
Allophone is?
•Each member of a particular phoneme set is called an allophone, which corresponds to an actual phonetic segment produced by a speaker.
_____________ the process where a word of one type (usually a noun) is reduced to form a word of another type (usually a verb).
Backformation
What is Morphology?
Morphology is the component of mental grammar that deals with types of words and how words are formed out of smaller meaningful pieces and other words.
____________ is a literary device where a word imitates the sound it represents, like bang for a loud impact or meow for a cat’s sound
Onomatopoeia
_________ phonetics focuses on the physical properties of the sounds of language (the study of the transmission of speech sounds: how loud or soft a sound is; high or low the pitch is; the vibrations that carry the sound from the speaker's mouth to the listener's ear
Acoustic phonetics
___________is the set of sounds that are produced as part of the grammar of a language.
Phonetic Inventory
luna de miel (Spanish “moon of honey”) – honeymoon (English)
Which type of word formation is used in this example?
calque
______________ is “a minimal unit of meaning or grammatical function.”
MORPHEME
What are branches of Linguistics?
Phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics.
What is the focus of Auditory phonetics?
Auditory phonetics: focuses on how listeners perceive the sounds of language (the study of the perception of speech Sounds)
Restrictions on possible combinations of sounds are known as __________________ _____________.
Phonotactic constraints
_____________ is the process of formation of new words based on the name of a person or a place.
Eponym
What are functional (grammatical) morphemes?
words in the language such as conjunctions, prepositions, articles, and pronouns.
_________________ involves analyzing a language's vocabulary to define words, explain their usage, pronunciation, and etymology, as well as managing the structure of dictionary entries.
Lexicography
Articulatory phonetics: focuses on ___________________________________________.
Articulatory phonetics: focuses on how the vocal tract produces the sounds of language (the study of the production of speech sounds by the tongue, lips, vocal folds, etc.
What is Phonetic Environment?
The sounds that come before and after a particular sound in a word.
Give an example of clipping.
Gasoline – gas
influenza - flu
public house - pub
What are the derivational morphemes in the following sentence?
The teacher’s wildness shocked the girls’ parents.
-er, -ness.
What is Pragmatics?
Pragmatics is the branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the interpretation of meaning, focusing on language use in social interactions rather than just literal, encoded meanings.
____________ is tubular part of the throat above the larynx
Pharynx
Complementary distribution is_______.
The occurrence of sounds in a language such that they are never found in the same phonetic environment
What is Hypocorism?
Give an example.
A longer word is reduced to a single syllable, then -y or -ie is added to the end (favored in Australian and British English).
Examples: movie (“moving pictures”)
telly (“television”)
Aussie (“Australian”)
What are Analytical Languages?