Foundational Philosophy
This supervision approach emphasizes empathy, authenticity, and the supervisory relationship as the primary mechanism of growth.
What is Humanistic / Relationship-Oriented Supervision?
This technique involves reviewing recordings of sessions to enhance supervisee skill development.
What is audio/video review?
This focus area involves improving empathy, attending skills, and therapeutic presence.
What is skills development?
This role involves providing instruction and teaching specific counseling skills.
What is the teacher role?
This function involves providing encouragement, validation, and emotional support to supervisees.
What is the supportive function?
This model assumes supervisee development occurs across awareness, motivation, and autonomy.
What is the Integrated Developmental Model (IDM)?
This structured supervision technique involves reenacting counseling scenarios to practice interventions.
What is role-play (behavioral rehearsal)?
This supervision focus involves connecting diagnostic impressions to treatment planning and interventions.
What is case conceptualization?
This role emphasizes emotional support and helping supervisees process reactions to clinical work.
What is the counselor role?
This function focuses on teaching knowledge, skills, and clinical techniques.
What is the educational function?
This supervision framework is grounded in the belief that problems and learning occur within relational and systemic contexts.
What is Systemic Supervision?
This reflective method asks supervisees to revisit specific moments in sessions to explore thoughts and feelings.
What is Interpersonal Process Recall (IPR)?
This area emphasizes awareness of power, privilege, and systemic oppression in counseling practice.
What is culturally responsive practice (or multicultural/social justice focus)?
This role involves offering expertise while allowing supervisees to generate their own solutions.
What is the consultant role?
This function includes assessing supervisee competence and providing formal feedback.
What is the evaluative function?
This supervision model centers power, oppression, and sociopolitical context as core influences on supervision and counseling.
What is Feminist Supervision?
This supervision method uses real-time observation and feedback during a counseling session.
What is live supervision?
This focus area includes maintaining boundaries, adhering to professional codes, and managing legal responsibilities.
What is ethics and professionalism?
This supervision model explicitly organizes supervision around three roles: teacher, counselor, and consultant.
What is the Discrimination Model?
This responsibility ensures supervisees meet professional and ethical standards and protects client welfare.
What is gatekeeping?
This developmental model conceptualizes growth as nonlinear, moving through stagnation, confusion, and integration.
What is the Loganbill, Hardy, and Delworth Developmental Model?
This systems-oriented technique involves multiple observers providing feedback from different perspectives.
What is a reflecting team?
This model-specific focus area includes intervention, conceptualization, and personalization domains.
What are the focus areas of the Discrimination Model?
In developmental models, this role becomes primary as supervisees reach higher levels of autonomy.
What is the consultant role?
This function requires supervisors to intervene when supervisees demonstrate insufficient competence or ethical concerns.
What is the gatekeeping (or evaluative) function?