EASY
What does it mean when we say writing is an interactive process?
Writing is an interactive process in which a writer communicates ideas to a reader for a specific purpose, considering the reader’s needs, expectations, and background knowledge.
DESCRIBE pre-writing stage of writing
This step involves brainstorming, considering
purpose and goals for writing, using graphic organizers to connect ideas, and designing a coherent structure for a writing piece.
count the wrtiting process steps
pre-writing, drafting, revising and editing, rewriting, publishing
count the purposes of writing
to explain, to inform, to entertain, to persuade
the conbcept of authenticity in writing
Authenticity in writing refers to the extent to which a text represents the writer’s genuine thoughts, experiences, intentions, and voice
what is the itegrated skils teaching
ntegrated skills teaching is an approach in which multiple language skills—listening, speaking, reading, and writing—are taught and practiced together in a connected and meaningful context, rather than in isolation
who is the scholar that introduced TBLT?
TBLT introduced by N. Prabhu in 1980
identify the activity game:
The students are given a list of names of objects
from which they have to choose some names
and write them under the pictures of the objects.
labelling
read the situation and identify the activity name:
The students have to interview all their
classmates about their opinion on something
and then make a note of it.
a survey
read the situation and identify the activity name:
The teacher tells the students a word and asks
them to repeat it all together.
choral drilling
introduce 4 stages of action research procedure
1. The planning stage 2. The acting stage 3. The developing stage
4. The reflecting stage
define what is an Action research
Action research, also called teacher research and teacher-as-researcher,
is an approach designed to develop and improve teaching and learning.
Why we need a PBL?
Enhances Critical Thinking and Problem-Solving Skills
Promotes Engagement and Motivation Encourages Collaboration
Develops Communication Skills
Advantages of Integrated Skills
Teaching
helps learners to see how the four
skills are interconnected and
interrelated to each other
Disadvantages of Integrated
Skills Teaching
problem of designing suitable
materials that take account of
students’ different skill levels
Identifying and Limiting the Topic
it is research study is deciding exactly what to study.
Topics can also be evaluated and refined by discussing them with a colleague, mentor, or school principal.
Reviewing the Related Literature
“Related literature” can be loosely defined as any existing source of information that can shed light on the topic selected for investigation
fill in the gap:
Teaching productive skills There are four basic skills in any language; …….. skills- reading and listening, and productive skills- speaking and
writing.
Receptive
How do we develop a research plan
development of a research design and plan for collecting data is known as the research
methodology.
Once the research problem or topic has been identified and focused, it is then appropriate to state one or more research questions and possibly to develop from those questions specific
hypotheses
Post-observation feedback should be judgmental and
opinion-based. ___ T / F
False
What is Data Collection?
Data collection is a methodical process of gathering and analyzing
specific information to proffer solutions to relevant questions and
evaluate the results. It focuses on finding out all there is to a particular
subject matter.
fill in the gap: The nature of the ________ could be
accomplished either as a complete observer, an observer as a participant,
a participant as an observer or as a complete participant.
observation
What kinds of evidence can show student progress?
Evidence of student performance refers to the systematic collection of data that demonstrates what students know, understand, and are able to
do as a result of instruction. In classroom investigation, evidence is used
to analyze learning outcomes, monitor progress, and improve teaching
practices.
Assessment Theory
Assessment theory distinguishes between:
Formative assessment – ongoing, used to improve learning during
instruction
Summative assessment – evaluative, used to judge achievement at
the end of instruction
Mixed-Methods Research in Education
mixed-methodsapproach, combining: Quantitative data (scores, frequencies, percentages)
Qualitative data (descriptions, reflections, observations)