Balancing Act
This is the normal pH range of the blood
7.35-7.45
This is the most abundant electrolyte found in extracellular fluid (ECF).
Sodium
This term refers to the movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration
Osmosis
This is an example of an isotonic crystalloid solution
Normal Saline or Lactated Ringers
This term describes a child from birth to one month of age
Neonate
This rapid-acting "second line of defense" regulates pH by changing the rate and depth of breathing to alter CO2 levels
Respiratory System
This electrolyte is the primary cation in intracellular fluid (ICF)
Potassium
This is the medical term for swelling caused by excessive fluid trapped in the body's interstitial spaces.
Edema
This cellular adaptation involves an increase in the actual number of cells in an organ or tissue, such as a callus
Hyperplasia
This reflex occurs when a neonate is startled, causing them to open their arms wide and spread their fingers
Moro Reflex
This breathing patterns occurs when the body attempts to "blow off" carbon dioxide to correct an acidic state.
Kussmaul's respirations
This hormone, secreted by the adrenal cortex, triggers the kidneys to reabsorb sodium and excrete potassium.
Aldosterone
This pressure, created by plasma proteins like albumin, helps hold water inside the vascular compartment.
Oncotic pressure
This progressive condition occurs in critically ill patients and involves the failure of two or more organ systems
Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS)
This plantar reflex is a normal response where the big toe moves upward and other toes fan out when the sole is stimulated
Babinki's Reflex
A low pH level with a high bicarbonate level is associated with this acid/ base condition
Respiratory Acidosis
This medical term describes a serum sodium level of 146 mEq/L or higher, often caused by excessive water loss
Hypernatremia
This system is activated when the body senses decreased blood pressure, leading to vasoconstriction and water retention.
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)
This reversible cellular adaptation occurs when one adult cell type is replaced by another, such as in the airways of smokers
Metaplasia
Reduced kidney function, decreased GI absorption, and liver clearance in this age group is why we should be cautious with medication administration
Geriatric
Carpal pedospasms and hyperventilation is associated with this acid/ base balance condition?
Respiratory Alkalosis
Administering insulin via IV can cause a rapid depletion in this electrolyte and is often used for hyperkalemia
Potassium
This specific blood test measures the percentage of red blood cells in the plasma and is used to evaluate a patient's hydration status
Hematocrit
This type of fluid can decrease edema in the brain
Hypertonic solution
This theory posits that a person's mental function declines in the 5 years preceding their death