Motivation Theories
This theory states we act to reduce physical discomfort and maintain balance.
Drive-reduction theory
A student gets accepted to two great colleges—one close to home and one out of state—and is excited about both options but must choose one.
Approach-approach Conflict
The outward expression of emotion.
Dffect
Personality shaped by unconscious conflicts.
Psychodynamic approach
Overall perception of oneself.
Self-concept
Motivation driven by rewards or avoiding punishment.
Extrinsic Motivation?
A student must either do a long, boring homework assignment or fail the class. They don’t want to do either option.
Avoidance-avoidance Conflict
Positive emotions expand thinking and grow personal resources.
Broaden-and-build theory
Acceptance without conditions, key to healthy development.
Unconditional positive regard
Name 3 of the Big Five personality traits.
Openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism
Motivation driven by internal enjoyment or interest.
Intrinsic motivation
A student wants a high-paying job that requires moving far away from family. The job is appealing, but the distance is not.
Approach-avoidance Conflict
Name all 6 universal emotions.
Happiness, sadness, anger, fear, disgust, surprise
The pleasure-seeking part of personality.
Belief in one’s ability to succeed.
Self-efficacy
States that behavior is motivated by inborn patterns common to all humans.
Instinct Theory
A student is choosing between two colleges. One has a great academic program but is very expensive, while the other is affordable but doesn’t offer their preferred major.
Double Approach-avoidance Conflict
Facial expressions can influence emotional experience.
Facial Feedback Hypothesis
The moral component of personality.
Superego
Interaction of behavior, environment, and personal factors.
Reciprocal determinism
States that performance is best at moderate levels of arousal.
Yerkes-Dodson Law
This theory explains why some people seek risky, exciting experiences.
Sensation-seeking Theory
The concept in which we associate physiological arousal with an emotion.
Cognitive label
The drive to reach one’s full potential.
Actualizing tendency
Statistical method used to identify clusters of traits.
Factor analysis