Skeletal System
What type of joint is the knee?
Hinge joint
What is the role of an agonist muscle
The muscle that contracts to create movement
Which component of fitness is needed for a marathon runner
Cardiovascular endurance
Give one example of a performance-enhancing drug which enhances awareness in athletes
What is Cardiac Output
The volume of blood pumped by the heart in a given time
What type of joint is the shoulder used in a netball pass
Ball-and-socket joint
Which muscle is the agonist when kicking a football (movement at the knee)
Quadriceps
Which test would a footballer use to measure agility
Illinois agility test
Name one piece of protective equipment used in rugby
Gum Shield
Head Guard
What happens to breathing rate during a hockey game?
It increases
Give two functions of the skeleton
→ Protection of organs
→ Movement
(accept: Muscle Attachment, blood cell production, storage of Phosphorus and Calcium)
Describe how antagonistic muscles work together.
→ One muscle contracts (agonist)
→ The other relaxes (antagonist) to allow movement
Explain the importance of balance in sport
→ Helps maintain stability
→ Prevents falling during movement
What do Anabolic Steroids do and what is an effect of them on an athletes body
Mimic Testosterone
→ Increase muscle mass
→ Increase strength
Identify two changes to the heart during exercise.
Heart rate increases
Stroke volume increases
Explain how joints help a basketball player shoot
Hinge joint or Ball and socket in shoulder
Joints allow movement of the arms
Enable a wide range of motion for shooting
Describe the use of different muscle fibers that sprinter would require to perform
- Type 2x to start the race as coming off the blocks is explosive but hey fatigue quickly
-Type 2a to perform in the race as they will fatigue slower than the 2x
Explain the use of the principle of training: progressive overload for a rugby player
→ Training must increase in difficulty and intensity each time
→ To improve strength and fitness
Identify two ways a Rugby umpire can ensure the players can reduce risk of Injury
Check facilities
Check equipment
Enforce Rules
Describe how the cardiovascular system helps during a hockey match.
Increases heart rate
Delivers oxygen to working muscles
Explain how tendons contribute to movement in the skeletal system.
→ Tendons attach muscles to bones
→ When a muscle contracts, the tendon pulls on the bone
→ This creates movement at the joint
Explain how antagonistic muscles work at the hip to produce the movement of flexion
→ Muscles work in antagonistic pairs (hip flexor and gluteus maximus)
→ One muscle contracts (hip flexor) while the other relaxes (gluteus maximus)
→ This pulls the bone to create flexion at the hip
Explain why fitness tests are useful for athletes.
→ Identify strengths and weaknesses
→ Track progress over time
→ Help plan training programmes
Explain how a cool down helps prevent injury.
→ Gradually lowers heart rate
→ Prevents blood pooling
→ Helps remove lactic acid
Explain how the respiratory system adapts to help the body during aerobic exercise.
→ Breathing rate and/or depth increases
→ More oxygen enters the body and the lungs
→ More Oxygen available to diffuse into the blood for use by muscles