Stó:lō Worldview
How do you pronounce Stó:lō
ST-AH-LOW
Without a written legal code, Stó:lō law was passed down through _____
oral tradition
Stó:lō authority is relational; Canadian legal authority is ________
institutional
Louie was ____ years old
14
Indigenous People have always been overrepresented in Canadian prisons (yes/no)
no
Prison administrators wrongly saw the Native Brotherhoods as ______
gangs
The Stó:lō Language
Halq'eméylem
A resolution that produced a "winner" and a "loser" was ______
A sign of failure
Qwi:qwelstóm is ________
The current/modern Stó:lō justice system
The prison and residential school looked alike because they shared this same goal.
Assimiliation, creating a Christian or Canadian citizen
Louie belong to what Indigenous Nation?
The Stó:lō
Indigenous people CURRENTLY make up this percentage of the federal prison population.
32%
Native Brotherhoods first started in the 1960s at this Saskatchewan prison
Prince Albert Penitentiary
The foundational belief of Stó:lō culture is that all living things are _______
interconnected
4 Principles of Traditional Stó:lō justice
balance/harmony, teaching as law, consensus/correction, and nonviolence first
The word ______ does not exist in Halq'eméylem
justice
The Royal Proclamation of 1763 recognized Indigenous sovereignty but within _______ imperial framework
Britians
How many men lynched Louie?
100
The Penitentiary Act of 1834 had two stated goals: deterrence and ______
reform
Transferring Brotherhood members to other prisons had this ironic result.
It spread the movement instead of ending the movement.
The word Stó:lō means _____
People of the River
"Siya:m" means _______ in Halq'eméylem
Leader
Qwi:qwelstóm translates to _______
Teaching you, moving you toward the good
Reverend E.F. Wilson called Indigenous adults "the old _____ people."
unimproveable
On what date was Louie lynched?
February 24, 1884
_____ percentage of youth in the jail/prison system are Indigenous.
50%
The first Friendship Centre opened in this city in 1951.
Toronto
Traditonal lands of the Stó:lō (location)
Lower Fraser River, spanning from the mouth of the river to the Fraser Canyon, including Chilliwack and Harrison Lake
Stó:lō authority comes from _______, not from a title or office
respect
The four pillars of Stó:lō justice are Elders, family, teachings and _______
spirituality
Prison administrators saw their role as teaching Indigenous inmates how to be ________
civilized/Canadian citizens
The mob that lynched Louie came from this town in the state of Washington.
Nooksack
Overrepresentation in prisons wasn't noticeable until after this major event.
World War II
Elders working through Friendship Centres became a link between prisoners and _______
their culture/communities
Disease that nearly killed all the Stó:lō and how it was transmitted prior to direct European contact
The primary aim of Stó:lō justice was not punishment it was ______
Correction
When Wenona Victor interviewed Elders about justice, every single Elder talked about ______
family
In the 1800s the prison model used was called the _______ system
Auburn system
Where was Louie hung and why is this spot significant?
Within 500 feet of the CAN-US border near modern day Abbotsford. US vigilantes knew they would not face charges
Big Bear described his imprisonment with these words: "At present I am as _____ to my people."
dead
Friendship Centres helped urban Indigenous peoples navigate city life, maintain identity, and find ______
employment
The Stó:lō consider this lake to be haunted by evil spirits (hint: there is a water park here)
Cultus Lake
The 4 Stages of traditional Stó:lō justice
Talking, Competition, Abadonment/Banishment, Capital Punishment/Death
Circle participants sit close with nothing between them so everyone is __________
equal
The Bagot Commission is important because ________
It created the framework for both residential schools and the prison system in Canada
Prime Minister John A. MacDonald said _______ when he learned about Louie's death.
Warden Bedson admitted: "To the Indian a ten-year sentence means _____."
death
In 1996, the Native Brotherhood won prisoners' right to vote by allying with this group.
Satan's Choice Motorcycle Club
These three colonial mechanisms dismantled Stó:lō society and justice
Residential schools, the potlatch ban, and Canadian law
Stick/Bone Game + Explain its function
Slahal - used in the competition stage of traditional Stó:lō justice, used to solve disputes
The Canadian system ends with a sentence; Qwi:qwelstóm begins with ___________
a healing journey
By the early 1800s, colonial policymakers dismissed Indigenous oral law as only _______
customs that were not legally binding
Canadian detectives identified this man as the real killer of James Bell.
William Osterman
There is a direct link between the ______ of Indigenous people and Indigenous overincarceration
urbanization
One of the reasons prisoners joined the Native Brotherhood was free ________
coffee
The potlatch was how names, property rights, and ownership claims were publicly ________
given or transferred
When grandparents couldn't resolve it, they brought in this neutral and respected person
Siya:m
Who can refer someone to the Qwi:qwelstóm program?
RCMP, community, ministry of child welfare, Judge/courts, the victim, or the one who did the harm
The Gradual Civilization Act of 1857 required Indigenous people to give up Indian status through the process of _______
enfranchisement
The only physical evidence remaining of Louie's death today is ________.
a pair of handcuffs
The residential school system alienated youth from families but didn't prepare them for ________
the workforce
Big Bear was released from prison with this disease and died shortly after.
Tuberculosis
After banishment, neighbouring communities were informed so the person couldn't ________
relocate
The four types of circles are _________
healing, peacemaking, sentencing, and reintergration
The Indian Act of 1876 defined a "person" as a male individual other than _________
an Indian
In 1879, the Stó:lō petitioned Canada for community unification and _________
self-governance
The Cree chiefs imprisoned at Stony Mountain after 1885 promoted a _______ approach to dealing with the Canadian state
non-violent
Capital punishment was carried out by ______
warriors
Indigenous peoples had the duties of citizens but only the rights of ________
subjects
The name of the man Louie was accused of killing
James Bell
Name the five key colonial legal documents studied in the unit.
Royal Proclamation, Bagot Commission, Gradual Civilization Act, Indian Act, Criminal Code of Canada
Miners from this state flooded into the Fraser Canyon in 1858, bringing racial prejudice with them.
California