Protein Synthesis
Homeostasis
Body System
Photosynthesis
Macromolecules
100
Which characteristic makes the nucleotides code for different genetic information?
a. the number of bonds between the sugar and nitrogenous base
b. the type and order of the nitrogenous bases
c. the location of the phosphate groups
d. the shape of the sugars
b. the type and order of the nitrogenous bases
100
Humans maintain a constant body temperature of 37°C even when external temperatures are cold. To maintain homeostasis, the body produces heat by cellular respiration.
How does cellular respiration make the body warm?
a. by increasing the intake of oxygen into the cells
b. by converting ATP molecules into fat molecules
c. by decreasing the energy needed for life processes
d. by combining glucose with oxygen to release energy
d. by combining glucose with oxygen to release energy
100
Which is a benefit of a nerve cell’s cellular structure?
a. The structure allows for communicating signals to different parts of the body by connecting to other nerve cells.
b. The structure creates more room for other types of cells to be located near a nerve cell to better receive instructions.
c. The structure is able to hold and transport larger proteins to different parts of the body.
d. The structure is more flexible and able to adapt to the body’s fast movements.
a. The structure allows for communicating signals to different parts of the body by connecting to other nerve cells.
100
What is a positive impact of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels?
a. increasing global temperatures
b. decreasing global temperatures
c. decreasing rates of photosynthetic carbon fixation by plant leaves
d. increasing rates of photosynthetic carbon fixation by plant leaves
d. increasing rates of photosynthetic carbon fixation by plant leaves
100
The breakdown of complex carbohydrates into glucose is completed in the small intestine during digestion. What protein acts as a catalyst to speed up the reaction?
a. cellulose
b. enzyme
c. hormone
d. steroid
b. enzyme
200
Which sequence correctly shows the process of the synthesis of the amino acid histidine in a cell?
a.
b. 
c. 
d. 
d.
200
The human egg matures in the ovaries surrounded by other cells that pass nutrients to the egg to mature properly. The membrane of the egg cell folds inward, surrounds the nutrients, and pinches off to form a vesicle that transports the nutrients into the cytoplasm of the egg cell.
Which reaction directly provides the energy required for the transport of the nutrients into the egg cell?
a. ADP + phosphate + energy → ATP
b. glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + ATP
c. ATP + water → ADP + phosphate + energy
d. glucose + carbon dioxide → oxygen + phosphate + ATP
c. ATP + water → ADP + phosphate + energy
200
Which series shows the terms in order from the least to the most complex ?
a.
b.
c.
d.
d.
200
A student conducts an experiment that focuses on photosynthesis in plants using solutions made from ground-up spinach leaves. One solution is incubated at 30°C, the second solution is incubated at 15°C, and the third solution is incubated at 45°C.
Based on the materials the student uses, which question is the experiment designed to answer?
a. How will temperature affect the amount of water released during photosynthesis?
b. How will temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis?
c. How will temperature affect the amount of oxygen used during photosynthesis?
d. How will temperature affect the amount of carbon dioxide released during photosynthesis?
b. How will temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis?
200
Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are all used as starting materials for the manufacture of what compound in the cell?
a. adenosine triphosphate
b. amino acids
c. deoxyribonucleic acid
d. fatty acids
a. adenosine triphosphate
300
What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?
a. It serves as a copy of the message in DNA.
b. It is the primary component of a ribosome.
c. It scans the genetic code for a start codon.
d. It carries amino acids to the ribosome to be assembled.
d. It carries amino acids to the ribosome to be assembled.
300
A gray whale has a hairpin loop arrangement of blood vessels near the surface of its skin. The part of the loop near the surface contains cooler blood because the skin is exposed to ocean water. As the blood returns to the interior, it becomes warm as the internal tissues are warmer.
What is the likely use of this blood flow mechanism for the whale?
a. It restricts the whale from swimming in warm ocean water.
b. It helps the whale consume food without taking in cold water.
c. It helps maintain a constant warm body temperature in cold water.
d. It ensures the body temperature matches the temperature of the ocean water.
c. It helps maintain a constant warm body temperature in cold water.
300
Which type of tissue is most likely to have cells with the highest concentration of mitochondria?
a. bone
b. fat
c. muscle
d. skin
c. muscle
300
The structure of a chloroplast consists of thylakoid sacs that are stacked together one over the other. How does the arrangement of the thylakoids help the chloroplast?
a. It increases the surface area for photosynthesis.
b. It prevents sunlight from escaping the chloroplast.
c. It allows energy molecules to be formed quickly.
d. It stores the glucose formed during photosynthesis.
a. It increases the surface area for photosynthesis.
300
A student claims that the sugars produced by plants during photosynthesis provide a carbon skeleton that interacts with other elements to form biomolecules like amino acids, lipids, and nucleic acids. Which statement should the student give in support of the claim?
a. All biomolecules are made up of repeating monosaccharides.
b. All biomolecules have nearly the same molecular structures and shapes.
c. All biomolecules break down to release energy in the form of ATP.
d. All biomolecules contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
d. All biomolecules contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
400
What is the difference between transcription and translation?
a. Translation produces mRNA from DNA, and transcription links amino acids supplied by tRNA.
b. Translation produces tRNA from DNA, and transcription links amino acids supplied by mRNA.
c. Transcription produces mRNA from DNA, and translation links amino acids supplied by tRNA.
d. Transcription produces tRNA from DNA, and translation links amino acids supplied by mRNA.
c. Transcription produces mRNA from DNA, and translation links amino acids supplied by tRNA.
400
Shivering occurs in warm-blooded animals when external temperatures are low. It involves the brain sending signals to skeletal muscles that cause the muscles to contract and relax quickly, leading to rising body temperatures.
How does shivering help the body overcome temperature stress?
a. It releases energy in the form of heat.
b. It allows the body to absorb heat from the environment.
c. It allows the transfer of heat from all body parts to the muscles.
d. It prevents the loss of body heat to the external environment.
a. It releases energy in the form of heat.
400
The heart is composed of cardiac muscle tissue whose cells have large numbers of mitochondria. How does having large numbers of mitochondria directly benefit the cells?
a. It allows water to diffuse across the cell membrane very quickly.
b. It ensures the cells have the genetic information needed to make more cells.
c. It provides all of the energy needed by the cells to keep the heart pumping blood.
d. It produces more proteins needed by the cells for structure and support.
c. It provides all of the energy needed by the cells to keep the heart pumping blood.
400
Sugarcane plants grow best in areas that provide a long, warm growing season with plenty of moisture. A long growing season is required for the plants to produce high yields for harvesting.
Using the photosynthesis model, which is true about the process of photosynthesis in sugarcane?
a. Light energy is used to drive chemical reactions toward producing sugar and oxygen.
b. Water is used to drive chemical reactions toward producing sugar and oxygen.
c. Light energy is used to drive chemical reactions toward producing sugar and carbon dioxide.
d. Water is used to drive chemical reactions toward producing sugar and carbon dioxide.
a. Light energy is used to drive chemical reactions toward producing sugar and oxygen
400
How is the function of the mitochondrion important for the role of the ribosome in a eukaryotic cell?
a. The mitochondrion generates the ATP needed by the ribosome to produce carbohydrates.
b. The mitochondrion generates the proteins needed by the ribosome to produce ATP.
c. The mitochondrion generates the carbohydrates that provide the energy needed for the ribosome to produce ATP.
d. The mitochondrion generates the ATP that provides the energy needed for the ribosome to produce proteins.
d. The mitochondrion generates the ATP that provides the energy needed for the ribosome to produce proteins.
500
The nucleotide base pairs in DNA are arranged in a complementary way. Why are the complementary strands of the base pairs important for DNA replication?
a. They help unwind the DNA helix.
b. Both strands can copy at the same time.
c. One strand acts as a template to construct the other.
d. They help synthesize the correct number of nucleotides.
c. One strand acts as a template to construct the other.
500
Cells use active transport to pump sodium and potassium in and out constantly. This transport is required to balance ions so that cells can conduct normal physiological functions.
What can be concluded based on this process?
a. Energy is vital for maintaining homeostasis.
b. Energy is produced in cells for sodium synthesis.
c. Active transport is involved in the movement of ions only.
d. Homeostasis in cells is maintained through the diffusion of ions.
a. Energy is vital for maintaining homeostasis.
500
Which statement is true for specialized cells?
a. They have the ability to differentiate into new cells.
b. Bone marrow and adult stem cells are examples.
c. Stem cells are formed when specialized cells reproduce.
d. Their function is determined by the gene expressed.
d. Their function is determined by the gene expressed.
500
The reactants for a biochemical reaction are 6CO2 + 6H2O. What will be the products for this reaction, and where does the reaction take place?
a. C6H12O6 + 6O2 ; chloroplast
b. C6H12O6 + 6O2; mitochondria
c. C6H12O6 + 6CO2; chloroplast
d. C6H12O6 + 6CO2; mitochondria
a. C6H12O6 + 6O2 ; chloroplast
500
Where is energy stored in the body?
a. In the chemical bonds between the atoms that make up carbs or lipids.
b. In proteins because they are able to perform diverse functions for the body.
c. In nucleic acids because they hold the code for everything about life.
d. In all areas of the body, because energy is needed for diffusion in all cells.
a. In the chemical bonds between the atoms that make up carbs or lipids.