Research Question
This is a condition, intervention, or characteristic that will predict or cause a given outcome.
Independent variable
Defined as the process of assigning numerals to variables to represent quantities of characteristics according to certain rules
Measurement
Assess the ability of an instrument to measure subject performance consistently
Test-retest reliability
A subgroup of the population that serves as the reference group to estimate characteristics of and to draw conclusions about the population.
Sample
Used to characterize the shape, central tendency, and variability within a set of data.
Descriptive statistics
This is a declarative statement that predicts the relationship between the IV and DV.
Research hypothesis
This variable can have multiple values (e.g., a 5-point opinion scale)
Polytomous
Reflects the extent to which the items that comprise a multi-item test succeed in measuring the various aspects of the same characteristic and nothing else.
Internal consistency
Persons who have an actual chance to be selected, who are available
Accessible population
Square root of the variance and usually reported along with the mean
Standard deviation
List the four items required to properly frame a research question.
Population or problem
Intervention
Comparison or control
Outcomes
An abstract variable (e.g., intelligence, health, strength) that is measured as some value assumed to represent the underlyin variable
Construct
These are the 3 types of evidence for validity (3 C's)
Content validity
Criterion-related validity
Construct validity
A measure of chance variability between a sample and population.
Decide to reject H0 when it is true
Type I error
Name one of the four types of clinical research
Explanatory
Exploratory
Descriptive
Methodological
Numbers indicate rank order and demonstrate equal intervals
Interval scale
The extent to which a test correlates with other tests of closely related constructs.
Convergent validity
Subjects are drawn from the accessible population, often taken from a listing of persons, such as membership directories or census lists.
Simple random sampling
The 4 determinants of statistical power
P = Power (1 – β)
A = Alpha level of significance
N = Sample size
E = Effect size
These are the 3 processes for developing a research questions (in order)
Identify the problem
Identify the rationale
Identify the type of research
The lowest level of measurement and sometimes called the classificatory scale.
Nominal scale
Interpreted according to a fixed standard that represents an acceptable level of performance.
Criterion-referenced test
Used to study sensitive topics, rare traits, personal networks, and social relationships.
Snowball sampling
Hypothesis test that allows for possibility that differences may be positive or negative.
Two-tailed test