HSLS4
Which piece of evidence best supports the claim polar bears and brown bears are closely related despite their physical differences?
A) They both live in the same climate year-round.
B) They are capable of mating and producing hybrid offspring.
C) They have similar physical traits and diet.
D) All of these.
B) They are capable of mating and producing hybrid offspring.
In a food web, which trophic level has the greatest biomass and energy?
A) Tertiary consumers
B) Secondary consumers
C) Primary consumers
D) Producers
D) Producers
How does energy and matter interact in an ecosystem?
A) Energy drives the cycling of matter.
B) Matter can be created from energy whenever an ecosystem needs more biomass.
C) Energy stays in the soil while matter stays in the atmosphere.
D) Matter drives the flow of energy.
A) Energy drives the cycling of matter.
Which of the following statements are true?
A. Photosynthesis turns heat into carbon atoms.
B. Photosynthesis releases CO₂ into the atmosphere to cool the planet.
C. Photosynthesis captures the sun’s energy and stores it in the chemical bonds of sugar.
D. The Sun directly fuels forest fires without any help from plants or peat.
C. Photosynthesis captures the sun’s energy and stores it in the chemical bonds of sugar.
If an allele provides a survival advantage, what changes would you likely see in the next generation?
A) The allele will disappear completely.
B) The allele will neither increase or decrease.
C) The number of individuals with that allele will increase.
D) The allele will take over the population and wipe out all the others.
C) The number of individuals with that allele will increase.
Which of these is a selection pressure?
A) The use of pesticides in a public park.
B) The presence of a new bird predator.
C) The urban heat island effect (increased temperature).
D) All of these
D) All of these
How did specialized polar bear traits most likely arise?
A) Brown bears moved to the ice and changed fur color to hide.
B) Living in the Arctic caused the bears to mutate and turn white.
C) Polar bears migrated to the Arctic from other places because there was less competition.
D) Bears with slightly thicker fat and lighter fur survived, reproduced, and passed on the traits that helped them survive.
D) Bears with slightly thicker fat and lighter fur survived, reproduced, and passed on the traits that helped them survive.
How does an increase in agriculture impact the carbon cycle?
A. Agriculture has no effect on the carbon cycle.
B. It can decrease the amount of carbon removed from the atmosphere.
C. Agriculture permanently removes all carbon from the biosphere.
D. Plants in agricultural systems reduce carbon in the atmosphere through photosynthesis.
B. It can decrease the amount of carbon removed from the atmosphere.
How is the "hydrocarbon backbone" of sugar molecules used by an organism?
A. It is released as waste.
B. It is used to make other large carbon-based molecules.
C. It is used to produce light energy.
D. It prevents the reproduction of bacteria.
B. It is used to make other large carbon-based molecules.
Which of the following is true for all cells in a multicellular organism?
A. Each cell contains different DNA based on its job.
B. Every cell contains DNA, which includes regions known as genes.
C. Only specialized cells, like muscle or nerve cells, contain DNA.
D. Cells only contain DNA if they are actively making proteins.
B. Every cell contains DNA, which includes regions known as genes.
Why is low genetic diversity a threat to a population's survival?
A) It makes the population more likely to migrate.
B) It prevents the animals from reproducing.
C) The population is less likely to have individuals with traits that can survive a new disease.
D) It causes the animals to grow much slower.
C) The population is less likely to have individuals with traits that can survive a new disease.
Why are some microorganisms able to adapt rapidly to their environment?
A. They have complex hierarchical systems.
B. They reproduce quickly, creating many generations in a short time.
C. They use photosynthesis to generate energy.
D. They are only active in hypertonic environments.
B. They reproduce quickly, creating many generations in a short time.
Phytoplankton is the base of the marine food web). How would a decrease in phytoplankton affect the other trophic levels?
A. Higher trophic levels would receive more energy. B. Less energy and matter would be available for higher trophic levels (fish, marine mammals).
C. Predator numbers would increase due to more ocean space.
D. There would no effect, energy would continue to cycle with not change.
B. Less energy and matter would be available for higher trophic levels (fish, marine mammals).
Which statement best describes the result of cellular respiration?
A. Light energy is stored in the bonds of sugar.
B. Chemical bonds in food and oxygen are broken and energy is transferred.
C. Identical genetic material is passed to daughter cells.
D. Water is converted into carbon dioxide and sugar.
B. Chemical bonds in food and oxygen are broken and energy is transferred.
What is the specific role of the "sequence of genes" found within DNA?
A. To provide the energy needed for cellular division.
B. To act as a physical barrier that protects the cell.
C. To contain the instructions used to code for proteins.
D. To absorb carbon from the atmosphere to build sugars.
C. To contain the instructions used to code for proteins.
How would you determine if two bird species are closely related?
A) The birds that look identical are closely related because their genes are similar.
B) The birds that can mate are closely related because their genes are similar.
C) The birds the live in different ecosystems are more closely related.
D) All of these.
B) The birds that can mate are closely related because their genes are similar.
What is the name of the process that bacteria use to decompose dead organisms?
A) Photosynthesis
B) Nitrogen Fixation
C) Cellular Respiration
D) Chemosynthesis
C) Cellular Respiration
As the human population increases, what will happen to the carrying capacity of other populations?
A. Carrying capacity will increase due to help from humans.
B. Carrying capacity for wildlife will decrease due to increased competition for resources.
C. Ecosystems will be unchanged; humans don't affect biological systems.
D. Biodiversity will increase.
B. Carrying capacity for wildlife will decrease due to increased competition for resources.
In addition to transferring energy to muscles, what else does cellular respiration provide?
A. Genetic variation for adaptation.
B. Energy needed to maintain body temperature.
C. Resistance to antibiotic treatments.
D. The structure for viral capsids.
B. Energy needed to maintain body temperature.
What evidence do we have that all cells have the instructions for making proteins?
A. All cells contain DNA, and DNA contains the genes that code for proteins.
B. Because all cells are made of proteins that they absorbed from food.
C. Because all cells eventually turn into DNA.
D. Because proteins are the only molecules found in a cell.
A. All cells contain DNA, and DNA contains the genes that code for proteins.
A dolphin looks like a shark but is more closely related to a cow. Which statement best explains why?
A) They both breathe air with lungs and have similar DNA sequences.
B) They both live in water habitats.
C) They have similar appearance.
D) They have similar diets and lifestyle.
A) They both breathe air with lungs and have similar DNA sequences.
If the DNA of two populations are similar, what is their mostly relationship?
A) The two populations diverged (split) from a common ancestor very recently.
B) The two populations have lived in completely different environments for millions of years.
C) One population is the "perfect" version of the other and has stopped evolving.
D) The two populations are not related at all.
A) The two populations diverged (split) from a common ancestor very recently.
Which statement best describes how energy and matter interact in an ecosystem?
A) Energy drives the cycling of matter.
B) Matter is created from energy whenever an ecosystem needs more biomass.
C) Energy stays in the soil while matter stays in the atmosphere.
D) Matter drives the flow of energy.
A) Energy drives the cycling of matter.
How would saltwater intrusion into freshwater ecosystem affect native plants?
A. Plants increase photosynthesis to process extra salt.
B. Change in salinity disrupts plants' internal mechanisms, hindering water balance (homeostasis).
C. Plants immediately adapt DNA to saltwater.
D. Extra water provides energy, leading to a population boom.
B. Change in salinity disrupts plants' internal mechanisms.
What is the primary role of proteins within an organism?
A. To store genetic information.
B. To carry out the essential functions of life.
C. To act as a hydrocarbon backbone for sugars.
D. To provide light energy for photosynthesis.
B. To carry out the essential functions of life.