Logical Fallacies
Attacking the person instead of the argument
Ad Hominem
Shows addition
furthermore
Appeal based on credibility
Ethos
Comparison using like or as
Simile
Repeating words for emphasis
Repetition
Misrepresenting someone’s argument to make it easier to attack
Straw Man?
Shows contrast
however
Appeal based on emotion
Pathos
Direct comparison without like or as
Metaphor
Repeating beginning consonant sounds
Alliteration
Presenting only two choices when more exist
False Dilemma
Shows cause and effect
therefore
Appeal based on logic
Logos
Giving human traits to nonhuman things
Personification
Saying the opposite of what you mean
Verbal Irony
Saying something is true because many people believe it
Bandwagon
Shows an example
for example
Using facts and reasoning to persuade
Logos
Descriptive language that appeals to the senses
Descriptive language that appeals to the senses
Audience knows something characters don’t
Dramatic Irony
Claiming one step will lead to extreme consequences
Slippery Slope
Shows conclusion
in conclusion
Making the audience feel sympathy or anger
Pathos
Extreme exaggeration
Hyperbole
When the outcome is different than expected
Situational Irony