Brain and Neuroimaging
Which structure is critical for transferring information from short-term to long-term memory?
Hippocampus
Which type of memory would be most affected in a patient who cannot recall personal life events?
Which cognitive process allows interpretation of sensory input into meaningful information?
Perception
Which psychological construct organizes prior knowledge and guides interpretation of new information?
Schema
Which type of aggression is goal-oriented and used as a means to an end?
Instrumental Aggression
Which neuroimaging technique has the best temporal resolution but poor spatial resolution?
EEG
What is the process by which information is transformed into memory?
Encoding // Codification
A student quickly answers a question based on intuition but makes an error. What happened according to Daniel Kahneman?
System 1 caused an error due to the low cognitive effort invested
Who proposed that early maladaptive schemas originate from unmet emotional needs?
AND which psychological theory did he derive his ideas from?
Jeffrey Young,
Derived from Beck´s cognitive behaviorism (CBT)
Albert Bandura´s observational learning theory stated:
Violence and aggression are primarily learned behaviors that grow in cycles within societies.
Attention, retention, reproduction and motivation are required.
Damage to which brain area is most likely to impair emotional salience (Relevance) assignment to stimuli?
Amygdala
Which memory system is most resistant to brain damage and often preserved in amnesia?
Procedural Memory
What is the term for a systematic error in thinking that arises from heuristic use?
Cognitive bias.
Which executive function is primarily involved when a person shifts strategies after realizing a mistake?
Cognitive flexibility
also
Metacognition
Which level of Lawrence Kohlberg is characterized by moral reasoning based on social approval and law?
Conventional level
Which brain structure acts as a relay station for most sensory information before it reaches the cortex?
Thalamus
Describe the 2 main types of amnesia
Anterograde: problems encoding new memories after a lesion.
Retrograde: Problems in evocation of memories prior to a lesion.
The main characteristic that separates human language from natural languages is _____________
Human languages give us the capacity to use context and refer to things that might exist in different place and time (subject/otherness)
While Schema´s main purpose is _______, maladaptive patterns often end up sacrificing _________ for apparent and immediate __________.
Survival, Sustainability, Functionality
Explain an example of a normalized aggressive behavior in mexican culture and why it is not necessarily considered violence.
:)
Which neuroimaging method indirectly measures brain activity through changes in blood oxygenation?
fMRI
2 things that Donald Hebb said about learning processes:
multi-channel experience (fire together-wire together)
Memory is supramodal: no single circuit or location
Use psychological theories to describe the difference between being wise and being smart.
Good luck!
:)
Explain an example of a socially normalized/promoted maladaptive schema in western culture.
Dense.
A person argues that laws should be followed because they maintain social order, but also acknowledges that laws can be unjust and should be changed through collective agreement rather than personal moral principles.
At which specific level of Lawrence Kohlberg´s moral development is this reasoning best placed?
TWIST: (they are secretly a serial Killer)
Bonus: What type of killer are they?
Late conventional stage / Transition to postconventional