Industrialization
This rapid 1800s demographic shift across Europe was one of the single largest effects of industrialization.
Urbanization
This historic 1884–1885 meeting was held by European powers to systematically divide the African continent among themselves.
Berlin Conference
This 1900 anti-foreign uprising in China was a direct attempt by locals to forcefully remove Western imperial influence.
WWI earned this title because it required the total mobilization of entire national economies, resources, and civilian populations.
Total War
This global economic crisis of the 1930s caused people to lose faith in democracy, helping radical leaders seize power.
The Great Depression
This economic system supports very little government interference in private business operations.
laissez-faire capitalism?
Along with finding new consumer markets, this was a primary economic goal for European nations looking to conquer African territories.
Raw Materials
British colonial rule profoundly transformed Indian agriculture by compelling local farmers to grow specific goods for export.
cash crops
On the Western Front, this grueling style of combat resulted in long stalemates and immense casualties.
trench warfare
This prominent fascist dictator ruled over Italy throughout the interwar period
Mussolini
This philosopher argued that industrialization created an inevitable conflict between poor workers and wealthy factory owners
Karl Marx
This style of colonial rule relied on co-opting local leaders to help govern the territory on behalf of the European metropole.
Indirect rule
This long-term political issue continues to plague post-colonial Africa and Asia due to how European powers drew colonial boundaries.
Conflict
This defense-heavy weapon technology was highly responsible for making WWI battlefield charges incredibly deadly.
Machine Gun
To gain support from angry voters, Adolf Hitler promised to overturn the Treaty of Versailles and expand Germany’s territory to provide this to the german people
Wiederaufrüstung/Lebensraum
Under the banner of the Meiji Restoration, this Asian nation modernized and industrialized rapidly in the late 19th century.
Japan
Led by Emperor Menelik II, this African country successfully resisted European colonization during the late 1800s.
Ethiopia
In 1857, Indian soldiers rose up against the British East India Company in this major rebellion over cultural offenses.
Sepoy Mutiny
This post-war peace agreement placed the total blame and financial responsibility for starting WWI on Germany.
Treaty of Versailles
Marking an early step toward global conflict, the Japanese military aggressively invaded this region of China in 1931.
Manchuria
This technological invention acted as a major catalyst by allowing Europeans to travel deep into the African interior.
This pseudoscientific 19th-century ideology argued that industrial nations were naturally superior and used it to justify conquest.
Social Darwinism
Rather than direct colonies, Western powers carved up 19th-century Qing China into these exclusive economic zones.
Spheres of Influence
To make amends for the war, the Treaty of Versailles forced a financially ruined Germany to pay these steep monetary penalties.
reparations
This British and French policy focused on giving in to Hitler's early territorial demands in hopes of avoiding another war.
Appeasement / "Peace in our Time"