WAVES
This type of wave has its disturbance perpendicular to the direction of travel. Name one example.
Transverse wave. Examples: light waves, radio waves, microwaves, X-rays.
What is the speed of light in a vacuum?
300,000,000 m/s (3 × 10⁸ m/s).
State Ohm's Law as a formula.
Voltage = Current × Resistance (V = IR).
What formula gives you the speed of a wave?
Speed = wavelength × frequency (also written v = λf).
On the electromagnetic spectrum, which type of wave has the HIGHEST frequency?
Gamma rays have the highest frequency.
In a series circuit with two resistors of 300 Ω and 500 Ω, what is the total resistance?
800 Ω (just add them: 300 + 500 = 800 Ω).
When two waves overlap and produce a wave of GREATER amplitude, what is this called?
Constructive interference.
What does the index of refraction of a medium measure?
How much that medium slows down light compared to a vacuum.
What is the unit of resistance, and what symbol represents it?
Ohm, represented by the symbol Ω.
What is the wavelength formula for a standing wave at harmonic H on a string of length L?
Wavelength = (2L) / H.
Snell's Law is written as n₁ sin(θ₁) = n₂ sin(θ₂). What do n₁ and n₂ represent?
The indices of refraction of the two media the light is passing through.
Two resistors ( 400 Ω and 400 Ω ) are connected in parallel. What is the total resistance?
(1/400 + 1/400)⁻¹ = (2/400)⁻¹ = 200 Ω.
A car horn seems higher-pitched as it approaches and lower-pitched as it passes. What phenomenon is this?
The Doppler effect
Light enters a glass block at an angle and bends toward the normal. Is it moving into a medium with a higher or lower index of refraction? Explain.
Higher index of refraction. A denser optical medium slows light down more, causing it to bend toward the normal upon entry.
A circuit has a 9 V battery and a total resistance of 160 Ω. What is the current flowing through the circuit?
I = V / R = 9 / 160 ≈ 0.056 A (about 56 mA).