Malignant Hypothermia
What is malignant hyperthermia, and why is it considered a medical emergency?
Malignant hyperthermia is a rare genetic disorder that causes a dangerous reaction to certain anesthesia drugs. It is a medical emergency because it can quickly lead to very high body temperature, muscle breakdown, organ failure, and death if not treated promptly.
What does the term "Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity (LAST)" mean?
LAST is a serious condition that occurs when too much local anesthetic enters the bloodstream, affecting the brain, heart, and other organs.
What does LVAD stand for?
LVAD stands for Left Ventricular Assist Device, a mechanical pump that helps the left side of the heart pump blood to the body.
What are three common signs or symptoms of malignant hyperthermia?
What are some early signs and symptoms of LAST?
Early symptoms may include dizziness, ringing in the ears, a metallic taste in the mouth, numbness around the lips, and confusion.
What external equipment does an LVAD patient usually carry?
The patient usually carries a controller and battery packs that power and monitor the device.
What is the name of the medication commonly used to treat malignant hyperthermia?
The medication is called Dantrolene.
T or F: Local anesthetic systemic toxicity only occurs after general anesthesia.
LAST can occur whenever a local anesthetic is used, even without general anesthesia.
How is a blood pressure for an LVAD patient collected and how does it differ from a patient without an LVAD?
Blood pressure can be obtained through utilization of a doppler or arterial line. Typically LVAD patients will only have a MAP pressure, rather than a systolic and diastolic.
Why is it important for people with a family history of malignant hyperthermia to inform their healthcare providers before surgery?
Healthcare providers can choose safer anesthesia medications and take precautions to prevent an episode from occurring.
What treatment may be given to help reverse severe LAST?
An intravenous lipid emulsion, such as Intralipid, may be administered along with other emergency treatments.
In the case of an emergency, who needs to be notified for a patient with an LVAD?
Cardiac Perfusionist
LVAD Coordinators
Code Team
Anesthesiology
At what point is malignant hyperthermia most likely to occur?
It most commonly occurs during surgery or shortly after surgery when a susceptible person is exposed to triggering anesthetic drugs.
Which healthcare procedures commonly involve the use of local anesthetics?
Dental procedures, minor surgeries, wound repairs, and nerve blocks for pain control commonly use local anesthetics.
What are the most common reasons for a low flow alarms in an LVAD patient?
Low blood volume
Clot or blockage
Pump or Cannula positioning