The Breathing System
This is the scientific name for the "windpipe" that connects your mouth and nose to the lungs.
trachea
This is the gas that we take in from the air when we inhale, which is needed for respiration.
oxygen
Unlike breathing, which is a physical process, respiration is this type of process that releases energy.
chemical process (or chemical reaction)
This type of respiration happens when your cells don't get enough oxygen, such as during a sprint.
anaerobic respiration
These tiny, balloon-like air sacs at the end of the bronchioles are where gas exchange takes place.
alveoli
Gas exchange happens via this process, where particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
diffusion
These are the two reactant ingredients needed for aerobic respiration
glucose and oxygen
In humans, anaerobic respiration produces energy and this painful waste product in the muscles.
lactic acid
What is lactic acid
This substance builds up in muscles during anaerobic respiration
This large, sheet-like muscle sits underneath the lungs and contracts (moves down) when you inhale.
diaphragm
Name two specific adaptations of the alveoli that give them a high efficiency for gas exchange.
a large surface area, very thin walls (one cell thick), a good blood supply (capillaries), or a moist lining
This is the cell organelle where aerobic respiration takes place; often called the "powerhouse" of the cell.
mitochondrion (plural: mitochondria)
This addictive chemical found in cigarette smoke increases heart rate and narrows blood vessels.
nicotine
A student runs 400 meters. Their breathing rate increases because their muscles need more oxygen for this type of respiration.
aerobic respiration
During exhalation, these muscles between the ribs relax, causing the ribcage to move down and in.
intercostal muscles
While aerobic respiration releases a large amount of energy, write out the chemical formula for the specific carbohydrate reactant that is broken down to release this energy.
C6H12O6
This is the complete word equation for aerobic respiration.
Glucose + Oxygen ----Carbon Dioxide + Water (Energy)
This sticky, black substance in tobacco smoke coats the cilia in the trachea, preventing them from sweeping away mucus.
tar
Tobacco smoke contains tar, which paralyzes these specialized, hair-like cell structures in the trachea, leading to "smoker's cough" because mucus cannot be cleared.
cilia
When testing for the products of breathing, exhaled air turns limewater cloudy much faster than inhaled air. State the balanced chemical symbol equation for the gas responsible for this change.
CO2
What is the percentage of oxygen found in normal, inhaled atmospheric air.
20-21%
This toxic gas in cigarette smoke binds to haemoglobin in red blood cells, reducing the amount of oxygen they can carry.
carbon monoxide
After intense exercise, a person continues to breathe deeply and rapidly for several minutes to break down lactic acid. What is the scientific term for this requirement of extra oxygen?
excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) / an oxygen debt