Concepts
The mental representation of an object is called...
What is a concept?
The smallest meaning-carrying units are _____.
Morphemes
SLO is 95 miles northwest of SB. Ventura is 27 miles from SB. This is an example of what type of representation?
Propositional Representation
What is the Prospect Theory?
Loss is felt more than gain; people fear loss more than they desire gain.
What is the preferred level of conceptualization?
What is the basic level?
True or False: Humans have an instinctive tendency to speak and write language.
False; Humans have an instinctive tendency to learn spoken language, but not written language.
True or False. In the mental rotation task, reaction time decreased as the angle of rotation increased.
What is False?
Name and explain the 2 decision making systems.
System 1: Intuition, fast, automatic, frequent
System 2: Reasoning, slow, effortful, infrequent
Brain damage leading to impaired access to concepts is called...
What is anomia?
Language is: G______, A_______, and H______.
Generative, Ambiguous, and Hierarchical
The term for poor imagery ability/lacking in capacity for visualization...
What is Aphantasia?
Why is confirmation bias unreliable?
We seek familiar evidence to our beliefs, and make decisions based on familiarity instead of fact and logic.
Why are congenitally blind children able to learn visual concepts/vocabulary?
What is concepts are learned and represented in a network rather than each concept attached to a particular experience?
What is the difference between semantics and pragmatics?
Semantics and Pragmatics both involve meaning, but semantics involves literal meaning while pragmatics involve intended meaning.
ex: "It's cold in here."
Semantics: The temperature is low in here.
Pragmatics: Indirectly asking someone to turn on the heat.
Which of the following would best be remembered?
A. Car
B. Stressed
C. Imagination
D. Sun
What is car and sun?
Name any 2 heuristics and what they are.
Availability Heuristic: Estimating frequency by the ease it comes to mind
Representativeness Heuristic: Categorizing by how it matches the representative of the category
Anchoring and Adjustment: Estimations based on the first information they receive
Base rate neglect: ignoring the general statistic in favor for the specific statistic
DAILY DOUBLE: Draw/walk me through the semantic distance between these sentences. Which one has a faster response time
1. A toucan has a colorful beak
2. A toucan breathes
1) Toucan -> colorful beak
2) Toucan -> Bird -> Animal -> breathes
1 has a shorter semantic distance, therefore has a faster response time.
Name 1 piece of evidence in favor of Language being Nature, and 1 piece of evidence in favor of Language being nurture.
Nature: Poverty of the stimulus, lack of negative evidence, FOXP2, Genie, etc.
Nurture: Positive evidence is enough to learn language, Genie, etc.
Using imagery to help with memory especially interactions between things. Using dual coding to form both visual and propositional traces.
Name the three ways mentioned in the slides on how to improve decision making.
Concrete numbers, Bigger sample size (Wisdom of the Crowds), Emotions