Tiny Humans
Watch Me Grow
STAT!
Blood Sweat & Tears
Bread and Butter
100
When is APGAR score done and what is it used for?
APGAR score is done at 1 and 5 minutes after birth and does NOT directly predict long-term, neurobehavioral outcomes for a specific baby, but rather predicts relative risk of these in a population.
A score of <3 at 15 minutes has been associated with >50% mortality and >60% permanent, severe, neurology sequelae in infants who survive.
100
When do full-term infants regain their birth weight, double their birth weight, triple their birth weight and quadruple their birth weight?
- 2 weeks
- 4 months
- 12 months
- 24 months
100
Recommended water heater temperature?
120-125 F
100
First-line treatments for ITP
Corticosteroids
IVIG
Anti-Rh (D) immunoglobulin
100
Treatment of Kawasaki disease?
IVIG 2g/kg
ASA (high/moderate dose -> low dose)
200
Pathophysiology of RDS
Surfactant deficiency leading to inadequate expansion of alveoli resulting in atelectasis, decreased FRC, inadequate ventilation and this hypercapnia and hypoxemia.
200
What is failure to thrive? (3)
- Cessation of weight gain after a period of stable growth that manifests as weight <3rd percentile
- Weight for height <5th percentile
- Growth that has fallen, crossing 2 major percentile curves in a short time
200
Relevance of "fight bites"
Lacerations from the teeth tend to occur over the knuckles (MCPJ/PIPJ) and require irrigation, x-ray, careful inspection for signs of tendon damage and infection.
200
Usual first crisis seen in patients with SCD
Dactylitis - symmetric painful swelling of hands and feet
200
Management?
Immediate removal
300
What do you need to plot bilirubin values using Bilitool? (4)
- Newborn's gestational age
- Age in hours
- Presence or absence of neurotoxicity risk factors (isoimmune or other hemolytic disease or G6PD deficiency, sepsis or clinical suspicion of sepsis, albumin < 3.0 g/dL, significant clinical instability in the previous 24 hours)
- Total bilirubin value
300
When is MCHAT-R done and how are results interpreted?
Both 18 and 24 month visits and whenever parents raise concerns
0-2 No further action
3-7 Administer MCHAT-RF
8-20 Refer immediately for diagnostic evaluation
If MCHAT-RF remains >/=2 refer for diagnostic evaluation
If MCHAT-RF is 0-1 no further action
300
Physical findings compatible with base of skull fracture
Raccoon eyes
Battle sign
Hemotypanum
CSF leak from ear or nose
Cranial nerve palsy
Hearing loss
300
Most common abdominal malignancy
Neuroblastoma
300
First step in evaluating a patient with poor asthma control
Assessing adherence to therapy, inhaler technique, exposure to environmental allergens or irritants, asking about comorbid conditions e.g. GERD, sinusitis that may exacerbate asthma symptoms
400
Signs specific for a PDA? (4)
- Continuous machinery like murmur
- Hyperactive precordium
- Wide pulse pressure with unusually low DBP
- Bounding peripheral pulses
400
What is a learning disability?
A cognitive deficit that leads to a discrepancy between a student's academic performance and the student's innate potential
400
Factors associated with poor neurological outcomes in drowning
Delayed initiation of resuscitation (>10 minutes) and systole upon arrival to the emergency department
400
Diagnoses? Treatment
1. Osteosarcoma - chemotherapy, limb-salvage
2. Ewing sarcoma - chemotherapy, local control (radiation/complete surgical resection)
400
Wilms-associated syndromes
WAGR
Beckwith-Wiedemann
Denys-Drash
500
At what gestational age do you expect lanugo to be present on the shoulders only?
38-41 weeks
500
Describe the typical growth chart in a child with constitutional growth delay
A child with constitutional growth delay experience a decrease in weight and height in infancy, then follows the lower points of the growth curve in middle childhood. The child then has an accelerated rate of growth in late adolescence and achieves expected adult height.
500
Management of pneumothorax causing respiratory compromise
Immediate needle thoracostomy (large over the needle catheter at either the 2nd intercostal space of the midclavicular line or the 5th intercostal space just anterior to the midaxillary line)
500
Red blood cell phenotype associated with benign neutropenia and provides resistance to plasmodium vivid malaria
Duffy-null phenotype
500
What age do febrile seizures occur and what criteria MUST be met to meet the definition for febrile seizure?
6 months-60 months
NO intracranial infection or inflammation
Child must NOT have experienced a prior seizure in the absence of fever