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What is an adaptation?
An adaptation is something an organism has, or can do, that helps it to survive in its environment
What molecule, located in the nucleus, controls the production of proteins in a cell?
DNA
Why is genetic variation needed for natural selection to occur?
Genetic variation means that there will be a chance that some individuals within a population will have the adaptations they need when the environment changes, so those organisms will survive and the species won’t all die out.
Identify the subunits (building blocks) of
1. proteins
2. starch (in plants) or glycogen (in animals)
1. Amino acids
2. Glucose
How does natural selection work?
There is a change in the environment, and some of the organisms in that environment will have the adaptation they need to survive, and they will reproduce and pass on that adaptation to their offspring, so there will be more of the organisms with the adaptation in the population.
Identify the inputs and outputs, including all matter and energy, in the processes of
1. Photosynthesis
2. Cellular respiration
1. Photosynthesis:
Inputs: sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water
Outputs: glucose and oxygen
2. Respiration:
Inputs: glucose and oxygen
Outputs: ATP, carbon dioxide, and water
Give a specific example of how evolution changed the traits of a population. (You may use an example we learned about this year.)
Possible examples:
Dark-color fur mice survived on the volcanic dark rock
People survived the Black Death because they had stronger immune systems
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria can’t be killed by antibiotics
All proteins are made of the same amino acids, but they all have different functions. There are different enzymes, receptors and hormones, and there are many other different types of proteins, each with its own specific function. Explain how that is possible.
They have different sequences of amino acids, which give them their specific shapes, which gives them their specific functions.
Evaluate the following as evidence for evolution from a common ancestor:
Homologous structures
Comparing DNA base sequences
Comparing amino acid sequences in proteins
Homologous structures – they show that organisms inherited the structures from a common ancestor
Comparing DNA base sequences – if two organisms have similar base re closely related sequences, they are closely related
Comparing amino acid sequences in proteins – if organisms have similar sequences, they are mo
How do plants make amino acids, nucleic acids (DNA & RNA) and other organic compounds?
They use minerals from the soil such as nitrogen and phosphorus and rearrange the atoms in glucose molecules to synthesize amino acids, nucleic acids, and other organic compounds.